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G. DANIEL WALKER,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
THOMAS F. PAGE, et al.,
Defendants-Appellees.
No. 00-3990
59 Fed. Appx. 896
January 28, 2003,
Argued
March 11, 2003, Decided
NOTICE: RULES OF THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS MAY LIMIT CITATION TO UNPUBLISHED OPINIONS. PLEASE REFER TO THE RULES OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THIS CIRCUIT.
ORDER
G. Daniel
Walker contends in this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 that five Illinois prison
officials violated his constitutional rights by failing to ship over 2,800
pounds of property, which includes some legal materials, to a California prison
where he is presently in custody. The district court dismissed the suit without
prejudice under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), concluding that
Walker had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a).
Because the defendants have abandoned their reliance on the exhaustion ground--which
cannot be resolved on the present record in any event--we modify the judgment
to reflect a dismissal with prejudice and affirm on the alternative ground of
res judicata.
In 1969
Walker shot an Illinois state trooper in the head after a traffic stop. He was
convicted of attempted murder and aggravated battery and sentenced to lengthy
prison terms. Walker v. Pate, 53 Ill. 2d 485, 292 N.E.2d 387, 390-99 (Ill. 1973) (upholding the attempted
murder conviction but reversing the aggravated battery conviction). Four years
later, Walker escaped and fled to California, where he committed a murder that
resulted in a life sentence. Walker v. Director, 1993 U.S. Dist. Lexis 2557,
No. 92 C 1423, 1993 WL 62986, at *1 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 3, 1993). Walker remained
incarcerated in California continuously for almost two decades; then in 1992 he
was returned to Illinois. According to Walker, he was returned to complete the
sentence imposed prior to his escape.
When Walker returned, he arranged
to bring along 99 boxes of his property, which together weighed over 2,800
pounds. The [*898] property included food, clothing, office supplies, computer
equipment, a typewriter, legal materials, and other items. In late 1997, Walker
says, he was told that he soon would be paroled on his Illinois sentence and
returned to California, so he made preparations
to take his property with him. Walker first filed a grievance demanding an
opportunity to inventory and pack the property, which was being held in
storage. The grievance was denied as moot after Walker was given an opportunity
to inventory his property, at which time he declined to take anything out of
storage except one box of personal hygiene items. Walker then packed 80 of his
99 boxes (the record does not reflect why he packed that particular number,
though the defendants suggested in the district court that less than 99 of the
boxes were even received in Illinois). Walker labeled the packed boxes with his
new California prison address, wrote a memo captioned "property
authorization" that instructed Illinois officials to send all 99 boxes to
California, and provided the officials with $286.53 for shipping. Walker does
not allege that $286.53 was enough to cover the shipping charges. It instead appears
that he simply left officials the balance in his inmate account, $86.53, plus
the $200 "parole check" that inmates receive upon release.
Walker's
boxes never followed him to California--for reasons that are not entirely
clear. In a memorandum dated more than five weeks before Walker's scheduled
release, Illinois prison official Michael Nesbitt told Walker that the boxes
could not be sent because the California prison system had scaled back inmates'
personal property privileges and no longer warehoused inmates' property.
Accordingly, Nesbitt instructed Walker to arrange to have the boxes stored with
family or friends at his own expense. In contrast, another Illinois official,
defendant Glenn Barton, responded to Walker's interrogatories by stating that
after Walker's release he had placed the boxes, which were deteriorating, in
new boxes appropriate for mailing, labeled the new boxes, and processed them
for shipment. But according to Barton, the boxes were never sent because Walker
had not supplied enough money to cover the shipping costs or provided
alternative directions for disposing of the property.
After learning that the
property had not been sent, Walker made several complaints. He petitioned
California officials to compel the Illinois Department of Corrections to ship
the property but was told that they had no control over an out-of-state agency.
Walker also wrote to defendant Thomas Page, the warden at his former Illinois
prison, reminding him of the property authorization form and demanding to know
why the boxes had not been sent. In response, Walker received a letter
explaining that California officials had advised the Illinois Department of
Corrections not to ship the boxes. Along with the letter Walker also received a
copy of Nesbitt's memo instructing him not to try shipping the property.
According to Walker, this was the first time that he had seen the memo.
Walker then turned to the courts. In November 1998 he brought a
mandamus action in Illinois state court against the five defendants named in
this case (and one other official) to compel them to inventory and ship the 99
boxes. See Walker v. Page, No. 5-99-0270 (Ill. App. Ct. Mar. 21, 2000)
(unpublished order). The circuit court dismissed the petition, and the
appellate court affirmed, concluding that Walker had not exhausted his
administrative remedies in Illinois and that relief was unavailable because the
defendants had no duty to send the boxes. Walker also filed a federal-court
action in the Central District of California, claiming in part that California
[*899] and Illinois officials--including Warden Page--had violated his First
Amendment right of access to the courts. The California district court
dismissed the complaint without service upon the defendants, but the Ninth
Circuit recently remanded the case for further proceedings on Walker's
access-to-the-courts claim. Walker v. Clark, 53 Fed. Appx. 804, No. 01-57112,
2002 WL 31802826, at *2 (9th Cir. Dec. 10, 2002) (unpublished order).
Meanwhile
in September 1999, as Walker continued to litigate in the Illinois state courts
and in California, he also filed this suit in the Southern District of
Illinois. In his complaint Walker alleges that the defendants improperly
withheld his property and that without the legal materials contained in his
boxes he had "been denied access to U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. District
Court, and California Superior Courts and defaulted in nine (9) pending
actions." As relief, Walker seeks an affirmative injunction commanding the
defendants to inventory and ship his property, plus $225 in damages for every
day that the property has remained in Illinois. Upon the defendants' motion, a
magistrate judge recommended dismissing the complaint on the ground that Walker
had not exhausted his administrative remedies in Illinois, and the district
court adopted the report and recommendation over Walker's objections. Walker
then unsuccessfully sought reconsideration, and after he appealed pro se, we
appointed counsel to brief and argue the case on his behalf.
On appeal
Walker first challenges the district court's conclusion that he failed to
exhaust his administrative remedies in Illinois. Under the Prison Litigation
Reform Act, inmates need to exhaust only available administrative remedies.
E.g., Lewis v. Washington, 300 F.3d 829, 833 (7th Cir. 2002); Brown v. Croak,
312 F.3d 109, 112-13 (3d Cir. 2002); Miller v. Norris, 247 F.3d 736, 740 (8th
Cir. 2001). In dismissing Walker's suit the district court assumed that
remedies were available after Walker learned that his property would not be
shipped to California. But Walker has consistently maintained that he had no
idea that his boxes would not be shipped until after he arrived in California.
And once in California it
is doubtful that he could avail himself of administrative remedies in Illinois.
Those remedies are expressly made applicable "to committed persons
assigned to correctional facilities within the Department of Corrections,"
20 Ill. Admin. Code § 504.800, and there is no reason to think that while in
California Walker remains "assigned" to an Illinois prison. (Assuming
that Walker has completed his Illinois sentence, he certainly is no longer
under the department's control.) So the current record does not establish the
defendants' exhaustion defense--a point that the defendants effectively concede
by failing to argue in their appellate brief that Walker did not exhaust his
administrative remedies.
Because the district court's resolution of the exhaustion issue
is not sustainable, Walker's second argument on appeal is superfluous. He
maintains that the district court converted the defendants' motion to dismiss
into a motion for summary judgment
without giving him proper notice. Green v. Benden, 281 F.3d 661, 665 (7th Cir.
2002); Covington v. Ill. Sec. Serv., Inc., 269 F.3d 863, 865 (7th Cir. 2001);
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c). Walker is right that the court considered in support of
the defendants' exhaustion argument an affidavit from Jim Simmons, who attested
that Walker had not filed any grievances with Illinois' highest administrative
body. But given that it is unclear if Walker needed to utilize the
administrative process in the first place, the court's reference to Simmons's
affidavit makes no difference. E.g.,
[*900] Loeb Indus., Inc. v. Sumitomo Corp., 306 F.3d 469, 479-80 (7th
Cir. 2002) (subjecting an improper conversion of a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to
harmless-error analysis).
Although
the defendants at present cannot prevail on the exhaustion issue, they offer an
alternative ground--res judicata--that does provide a basis for affirming. In
1998 Walker sued the same five defendants named in this action in Illinois
state court, demanding a writ of mandamus that would compel them to ship his 99
boxes of property to California. His petition was dismissed, and the state
appellate court affirmed, concluding in part that the defendants had no
obligation to send the boxes. Walker v. Page, No. 5-99-0270. This judgment is
entitled to the same preclusive effect in federal court as it would receive in Illinois' courts,
which would treat the denial of the mandamus petition as a final judgment on
the merits. See Charles Koen & Assoc. v. Cairo, 909 F.2d 992, 996-99
(7th Cir. 1990); Wozniak v. County of DuPage, 845 F.2d 677, 681 (7th Cir.
1988). Given that Walker's current case also involves the same parties and
series of events that he litigated in his mandamus action, res judicata
precludes this subsequent action. See Nowak v. St. Rita High School, 197 Ill.
2d 381, 757 N.E.2d 471, 477, 258 Ill. Dec. 782 (Ill. 2001) (listing the
elements of res judicata).
Walker tellingly responds with no argument about the merits of
the defendants' res judicata defense. Instead, he observes only that the
defendants failed to raise the defense in their motion to dismiss and insists
that it is too late for them to do so now. But although Walker is right
that ordinarily we will not consider
an unpreserved ground for affirming, such as res judicata, e.g., Rizzo v.
Sheahan, 266 F.3d 705, 714 (7th Cir. 2001), we do have discretion to consider
the argument--for example where the proper resolution is beyond doubt,
Singleton v. Wulff, 428 U.S. 106, 120-21, 49 L. Ed. 2d 826, 96 S. Ct. 2868
(1976). Indeed, we may consider the question solely on our own initiative,
Arizona v. California, 530 U.S. 392, 412-13, 147 L. Ed. 2d 374, 120 S. Ct. 2304
(2000), if it is plain from the complaint and other papers on file that res
judicata renders the case frivolous, Gleash v. Yuswak, 308 F.3d 758, 760-61
(7th Cir. 2002); see also Kratville v. Runyon, 90 F.3d 195, 198 (7th Cir.
1996); Jackson v. N. Bank Towing Corp., 213 F.3d 885, 889-90 (5th Cir. 2000).
Here no theory appears or is suggested by Walker or his appointed lawyer under
which he could avoid the preclusive effect of the Illinois judgment. So we
resolve the case on that basis.
This resolution readily distinguishes this case from Walker's
ongoing litigation in California. Although the Ninth Circuit recently concluded
that Walker's California suit was improperly dismissed under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A
because his complaint stated an access-to-the courts claim, Walker v. Clark, 53
Fed. Appx. 804, 2002 WL 31802826, at *2, we are not sure whether Walker's
allegations in that case are the same as in this case. And in any event the
Ninth Circuit's decision does not address the preclusive effect of Walker's
earlier Illinois mandamus action. Indeed, it does not appear that the defendants in the Ninth Circuit's case (who
include Warden Page) even had an opportunity to participate in that case and
raise the defense.
Accordingly,
the judgment is modified to reflect dismissal with prejudice, and as modified
the judgment is affirmed. Because Walker's case is squarely barred by res
judicata, under the PLRA he earns a "strike" for bringing the action.
See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). But because the district court dismissed the case on
an erroneous ground, Walker does not earn a strike for [*901] taking this
appeal. Gleash, 308 F.3d at 762.
MODIFIED and AFFIRMED.