AELE LAW LIBRARY OF CASE SUMMARIES:
Civil Liability of Law Enforcement Agencies
& Personnel
Failure to Disclose Evidence, & Loss of Evidence/Preservation of Evidence
Police officers
were not entitled to summary judgment in a lawsuit claiming that they denied
the plaintiff his constitutional rights by concealing allegedly exculpatory
evidence. The plaintiff spent over 17 years incarcerated for a double homicide
that he insists he did not commit, and he claims that Illinois state police
officers, from the beginning, knowingly possessed and concealed evidence
of his innocence and never disclosed this evidence to him, throughout his
trial, his appeals, and most of his post-conviction proceedings. He was
finally released in 2004 after a federal court concluded that "acquittal
was reasonably probable if the jury had heard all of the evidence."
The lawsuit further claims that Illinois state police officials who were
not involved in the case at the beginning learned about the existing exculpatory
evidence and that the state had possessed this evidence all along, but
that, rather than advise a state appeals court that the state had prosecuted
the wrong man, they "kept mum and took steps actively to conceal the
exculpatory evidence." Qualified immunity, the federal appeals court
ruled, was not available to the defendants because the due process right
of a defendant to be told about exculpatory evidence is clearly established
in Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) and the cases which follow it.
Steidl v. Fermon, No. 06-2017 2007 U.S. App. Lexis 16996 (7th Cir.).
When the city allegedly
violated a court order requiring the preservation of a motor vehicle that
caught fire, instead destroying it and selling it for scrap, the occupants
of the vehicle, injured in the fire, had an arguable claim for spoilation
of evidence against the city, since this interfered with their possible
products liability lawsuit concerning the vehicle. This was a valid claim
even if the city acted unintentionally and negligently, when the city had
notice of the court order. Ortega v. City of New York, #22913/2004, 809
N.Y.S.2d 884 (N.Y. Sup. Kings County 2006). [N/R]
State trooper did not violate the First Amendment
right of access to the courts of a vandalism victim by handling evidence
with his bare hands and thereby making it useless for fingerprint analysis
when there was no indication that he acted maliciously or deliberately.
Additionally, trooper was acting in an objectively reasonable manner as
the scattered firecrackers and CO2 canisters that he handled had been exposed
to weather and were lying in snow and mud, and therefore were of "little
value" for fingerprint analysis. Kampfer v. Vonderheide, 216 F. Supp.
2d 4 (N.D.N.Y. 2002). [N/R]
Alaska Supreme Court recognizes claims for
damages for spoilation of evidence by third parties. Claim by injured motorcyclists
that state trooper intentionally removed driver of the truck which hit
them from the scene of the accident in order to prevent him being tested
for marijuana use stated a claim for interference with their right to pursue
a lawsuit against the driver. Hibbits v. Sides, No. S-9630, 34 P.3d 327
(Alaska 2001). [2002 LR Mar]
321:139 Officers were entitled to qualified
immunity from homeowners lawsuit for losing all physical evidence relating
to theft of $96,000 from an ice chest buried under their home. Harrell
v. Cook, #97-3404, 169 F.3d 428 (7th Cir. 1999).
304:56 Homeowners could sue city and officers
for losing all physical evidence relating to theft of $96,000 from an ice
chest buried under their home, including the ice chest; claim stated for
denial of access to courts to file civil lawsuit to recover stolen money
from alleged thief. Harrell v. City of Jacksonville, 976 F.Supp. 777 (C.D.
Ill. 1997).
307:106 City to pay $152,000 settlement for
alleged negligent loss of aspirin bottle confiscated by police during investigation
of death of two-year-old boy from aspirin overdose; lawsuit by boy's parents
asserted that they could not succeed in their lawsuit against aspirin manufacturer
for alleged defective bottle cap when bottle was not available as evidence.
Solis v. Los Angeles Police Department, BC160875, Superior Court, Los Angeles,
Cal., reported in Vol. 111 Los Ang. Daily Jour. No. 51, p. 1 (March 17,
1998).
311:169 Claim that officers engaged in a
"cover- up" of traffic accident in which vehicle driven by police
officer's wife struck and killed a bicyclist stated federal civil rights
claim for violation of right of access to the courts; lawsuit asserted
that officers failed to preserve physical evidence and deliberately failed
to subject motorist to alcohol testing. Delew v. Wagner, 143 F.3d 1219
(9th Cir. 1998).
Editor's Note: " See also Swekel v.
City of River Rouge, 119 F.3d 1259 (6th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S.Ct.
690 (1998), (Constitution guarantees plaintiffs the right of meaningful
access to the courts, the denial of which is established where a party
engages in pre-filing actions which effectively covers-up evidence and
actually renders any state court remedies ineffective).
DUI suspect had no right to be videotaped;
failure of officer to turn on volume on videotape machine did not violate
due process. State of Montana v. Heth, 750 P.2d 103 (Mont 1988).
Destruction of evidence by police officials
and alleged failure to conduct adequate investigation of man's death could
be the basis for a federal civil rights suit by his children for interference
with their ability to bring a wrongful death lawsuit over their father's
death Stump v. Gates, 777 F.Supp. 808 (D.Colo 1991)