AELE LAW LIBRARY OF CASE SUMMARIES:
Civil Liability of
Law Enforcement Agencies & Personnel
Federal Tort Claims Act
Federal agents and deputy
sheriffs carried out an inspection at a border checkpoint. A father and
a number of others were detained when his son fled the checkpoint in a
vehicle. Three months after this incident, the father and a passenger in
that vehicle were stopped while driving in a national park on the basis
of a be-on-the-lookout (BOLO) report that had issued on the father's vehicle
after the prior incident. Unlawful search and seizure claims were rejected
because the rangers who stopped the vehicle had a reasonable suspicion
that the vehicle might contain a fleeing felon or weapons. The appeals
court denied, however, federal agents' motion to thrown out a false imprisonment
claim under an exception to the Federal Tort Claims Act for claims arising
from the detention of goods. No goods were then being detained after the
son fled the checkpoint in the vehicle. The court also rejected excessive
force claims against the rangers based on them drawing their weapons and
handcuffing the father and his passenger during their traffic stop since
they had reason to believe that those in the car might be dangerous. Davila
v. United States, #12-50044, 2013 U.S. App. Lexis 6749 (5th Cir.).
U.S. Marshals teamed
up with local police to conduct a roundup of fugitives in 24 states that
resulted in 10,733 arrests. One of the arrestees turned out not to be the
arrestee sought, but someone else with the same name, due to a clerical
error by a city's police department. That arrestee's lawsuit against the
U.S. government was barred under the discretionary function exception to
the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C.S. § 2680(a). Officers
making the arrest did not have the arrest warrant in their possession at
the time the arrest was made, and were not required to have it under the
city's existing arrest policy. The plaintiffs also failed to produce any
evidence that the officers intended to falsely arrest the arrestee, so
a law enforcement exception to the intentional tort exception of the FTCA
did not apply. Milligan v. United States, # 10-5615, 670 F.3d 686
(6th Cir. 2012).
Lawsuits filed under the Federal Tort Claims
Act against the federal government claiming it was liable for two deaths
because of the F.B.I.'s thirty-year "alliance" with a mobster-turned-informant
were time-barred under an applicable two-year statute of limitations. The
mobster allegedly ordered the decedents' deaths. The plaintiffs had sufficient
information to assert their claims more than two years before they did
so, based on testimony in a hearing about the federal government's role
in the cases, and media reports of the information. Donahue v. U.S., #09-1950,
2011 U.S. App. Lexis 2644 (1st Cir.).
The federal government was not liable under
the Federal Tort Claims Act for the actions of a U.S. Special Agent who
became involved in an auto accident during a car chase with a motorcycle
rider. He did not act within the scope of his employment and acted as a
private person while driving home from work in an unmarked government vehicle
when he became involved in the dispute with the motorcyclist. Merlonghi
v. U.S., #09-2387, 620 F.3d 50 (1st Cir.2010).
A woman from China and her husband sued the
federal government and a number of officials under the Federal Tort Claims
Act, asserting that an asylum officer demanded sexual favors from her in
return for assisting with her asylum application. He had the authority
to grant her asylum request, eliminating the need for a formal hearing
on it. When she refused to allow him to allegedly unzip and remove her
pants, he denied her application A federal appeals court upheld the dismissal
of the lawsuit in part, as the plaintiff failed to establish that there
was a specific duty violated under the Fifth Amendment or any evidence
that could establish the existence of an unconstitutional policy. It did,
however, reinstate an emotional distress claim, and stated that emotional
distress suffered from such a request for sexual favors could potentially
be proven and constitute an injury separate and apart from battery. The
U.S. government is immune under the Federal Tort Claims Act from claims
for battery committed by its employees.. Lu v. Powell, #08-56421, 2010
U.S. App. Lexis 18368 (9th Cir.).
In a lawsuit claiming that the government's
negligence resulted in the wrongful deportation of the plaintiff's son,
brought under the Federal Tort Claims Act, the U.S. government was protected
from the lawsuit by the discretionary function exception of the Act, 28
U.S.C. Sec, 2680(a). Castro v. U.S., #07-40416, 2010 U.S. App. Lexis 11241
(5th Cir.).
FBI agents allegedly protected a group of
murderers, referred to as the "Bulger gang," against apprehension
and prosecution, in order to use them as informants against La Cosa Nostra.
This allegedly continued for over twenty years, despite notice that the
informants were killers and would continue to commit murders. The estates
of three persons allegedly killed by the informants sued the FBI, FBI agents,
and the informants. The U.S. government was liable for the death of a man
killed after an FBI agent allegedly leaked his intent to incriminate an
informant, making it foreseeable that the informant would try to murder
him. The government was also liable for the deaths of an informant's former
girlfriend and her daughter, because a federal agent created an unreasonable
risk of harm to them by helping the informants avoid arrest. The federal
agents' conduct was within the scope of their employment, given that their
superiors agreed to their actions to protect the informants. The court
rejected, however, claims by the decedents' families for intentional infliction
of emotional distress because they lacked "contemporaneous" knowledge
of the murders. An exception to liability under the Federal Tort Claims
Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2671 et seq., for discretionary functions did
not apply, as the conduct of the FBI was found to be criminal and in violation
of the agency's guidelines. One family was awarded a total of $1,150,000,
a second family received a total of $1,352,005, and a third received $219,795.
Litif v. U.S., Civil Action #02-11791, 2010 U.S. Dist. Lexis 7493 (D. Mass.).
Almost thirty years after four men were convicted
of involvement in an organized crime "gangland slaying," the
F.B.I. disclosed, for the first time, that it had all along possessed reliable
intelligence undercutting the testimony of a cooperating witness whose
version of the murder was the basis of the convictions, but had suppressed
this information. All four convictions were vacated, but by then, two of
the men had died in prison, the third had been paroled, and only the fourth
was still incarcerated. The two surviving men, along with the estates of
the two decedents, sued the U.S. government under the Federal Tort Claims
Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Secs. 1346(b), 2671-2680. After a bench trial, the
court found the government liable, awarding over $100 million in damages.
A federal appeals court, while commenting that the damage awards were "considerably
higher than any one of us, if sitting on the trial court bench, would have
ordered," nevertheless upheld the awards, finding that they were not
"so grossly disproportionate to the harm sustained as to either shock
our collective conscience or raise the specter of a miscarriage of justice."
There was no liability for malicious prosecution, the court held, as the
U.S. government had not initiated the murder prosecution of the four men
by the state of Massachusetts, but liability was found on the basis of
a state law claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress, applicable
to the U.S. government through the FTCA. Limone v. U.S., #08-1327, 2009
U.S. App. Lexis 19239 (1st Cir.).
As previously reported, a federal appeals
court panel held that a trial court improperly dismissed, on sovereign
immunity grounds, false arrest, false imprisonment, and malicious prosecution
claims against a federal DEA agent, since Congress, under the Federal Tort
Claims Act, waived sovereign immunity on such claims, including those stemming
from discretionary function acts of federal law enforcement or investigative
officers. Nguyen v. U.S., No. 07-12874, 545 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2008).
On a reconsideration granted by the panel on its own motion, the court
again stated that such claims were expressly allowed by the plain language
of the law, and substituted a new opinion for the one previously issued.
Nguyen v. U.S., No. 07-12874, 2009 U.S. App. Lexis 2127 (11th Cir.).
The
U.S. government could be sued under the Federal Tort Claims Act for the
actions of Federal Protective Services agents in instigating an alleged
malicious prosecution of a security company employee for false (incomplete)
reporting concerning an incident in which a security company employee locked
out on the roof of a federal building was purportedly naked. The agents,
in encouraging the prosecution of the plaintiff, allegedly falsely indicated
that she knew of the nudity, but failed to include it in her report. This,
if true, fell outside the scope of the agents' performance of a discretionary
function, an exception to liability under 28 U.S.C. § 2680(a), since
it involved the alleged knowing submission of false affidavits to the prosecutor
and, ultimately, the state court in an “effort to corrupt the fairness
of the prosecution.” The fact that no search, seizure, or arrest was involved
did not alter the result. Reynolds v. U.S., No. 08-1634, 2008 U.S. App.
Lexis 24720 (7th Cir.).
Trial court improperly dismissed, on sovereign
immunity grounds, false arrest, false imprisonment, and malicious prosecution
claims against a federal DEA agent, since Congress, under the Federal Tort
Claims Act, waived sovereign immunity on such claims, including those stemming
from discretionary function acts of federal law enforcement or investigative
officers. Nguyen v. U.S., No. 07-12874, 545 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2008).
A former Chicago police officer sentenced
to death on kidnapping and murder charges subsequently had his conviction
overturned, and sued FBI agents for allegedly "framing"
him in violation of his constitutional rights. A jury found for the plaintiff
on these claims, and $6.5 million in damages was awarded. The trial court
subsequently granted judgment to the U.S. government on malicious prosecution
claims under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Secs. 1346, 2671-2680.
The trial court subsequently also vacated the jury's award to the plaintiff
on the federal civil rights claims, finding that the "judgment bar"
rule of the FTCA contained in 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2676 barred the federal
civil rights claims against the FBI agents, even though the judgment against
them had previously been entered. Under the applicable provision of the
FTCA, a judgment under the FTCA acts as a "complete bar to any action
by the claimant, by reason of the same subject matter, against the employee
of the government whose act or omission gave rise to the claim." In
this case, the plaintiff, by pursuing both federal civil rights claims,
and claims under the FTCA, and failing to drop the FTCA claims after he
received the jury's $6.5 million verdict on the federal civil rights claim
lost any right to collect on the jury's verdict. His decision to proceed
to take the FTCA claims to judgment, the court found, triggered Sec.
2676 and required the vacating of the jury's award after the FTCA claim
was rejected. A federal appeals court upheld this result. The appeals court
stated that it was "bound by the plain language of the judgment bar,
which makes no exception for claims brought in the same action, and gives
no indication that the sequencing of judgments should control the application
of the bar." Manning v. U.S.A., No. 07-1120, 2008 U.S. App. Lexis
20996 (7th Cir.).
The U.S. government and a capitol police
officer were sued under the Federal Tort Claims Act for negligence in attempting
a traffic stop, followed by a high-speed chase of a stolen car, ending
in a crash. A car crash victim and the father of a deceased victim of the
crash claimed that the victims had accepted a ride in the stolen vehicle
unknowingly, shortly after it had been acquired in an armed carjacking.
The court held that applicable standard under the FTCA was local laws concerning
vehicular negligence applying to private citizens, not to government employees,
and that, under that standard, the plaintiffs had alleged sufficient facts
to state a claim for negligence under District of Columbia law. Lee v.
U.S.A., Civil Action No. 06-2184, 2008 U.S. Dist. Lexis 62047 (D. Ok.).
An FBI agent who turned over potentially
exculpatory evidence to a prosecutor fulfilled her non-discretionary duty
in doing so, and the federal government could not be held liable under
the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Secs. 1346(b)(1) and 2671 et seq.
for alleged wrongful prosecution of the plaintiff for engaging in a sexual
act with a person under the age of twelve on an Indian reservation. The
plaintiff's conviction for the offense was overturned based on the prosecutor's
failure to turn that exculpatory evidence over to the defense. Once the
FBI agent presented the exculpatory evidence to the prosecutor, however,
her actions satisfied due process. Further, a private party in Montana,
the location of the case, who acted as the FBI agent did, would not
have been liable for the prosecutor's subsequent failure to turn over the
material to the defense. Gray v. Dept. of Justice, No. 07-35171, 2008 U.S.
App. Lexis 9597 (Unpub. 9th Cir.).
Federal officers were not shown to have used
excessive force against an arrestee, so that the federal government had
no liability under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Secs. 1346(b)(1),
2671-2680. The court found, applying Wyoming law, that the force used during
the arrest was justified, and that any injuries suffered were "incidental"
to the reasonable use of force. The court also found no evidence of negligence
by the officers. The U.S. was entitled to a "common-law privilege"
defense protecting police officers from liability for using reasonable
force during a lawful arrest. The court also found that, even if the force
used was found to be unreasonable, comparative fault by the arrestee in
resisting the lawful arrest was over 50%, which would bar any liability
for the government under Wyoming law. The plaintiff could not claim that
his arrest was unlawful, as his attorney had previously agreed that no
such claim was presented. Fienhold v. U.S.A., No. 07-8058, 2008 U.S. App.
Lexis 8597 (10th Cir.).
U.S. government was not liable for alleged
damages to hundreds of handguns and long guns, as well as ammunition and
packaging seized from a man's storage spaces by agents of the Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) under search warrants. A detention
of goods exception to the waiver of sovereign immunity in the Federal Tort
Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1346(b) barred the claim. Also, another waiver
of sovereign immunity in 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680(c)(1)-(4) only applied to
property seized solely for the purpose of forfeiture, and, in this case,
while forfeiture was a possibility for some of the weapons, criminal investigation
was also a legitimate purpose of the seizure of the guns. Foster v. U.S.A.,
No. 06-56843 2008 U.S. App. Lexis 8125 (9th Cir.).
A federal trial judge has awarded $101.7
million against the U.S. government on claims that the FBI was "responsible
for the framing of four innocent men" for murder, causing them to
serve decades for a crime they did not commit. Four men falsely convicted
of a 1965 gangland murder, and their estates and families asserted claims
against the U.S. government under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28
U.S.C. Secs. 1346 and 2671-2680 for malicious prosecution, civil conspiracy,
intentional infliction of emotional distress, and related claims. The trial
court rejected the argument that the U.S. government was entitled to immunity
based on the discretionary function exception to liability in 28 U.S.C.
Sec. 2680(a). The FBI's alleged conduct in knowingly allowing an informant
to provide perjurious testimony in the murder trial, failing to reveal
exculpatory evidence, and failing to disclose information about the actual
murderers for a period of thirty years was unconstitutional and violated
its own rules, the judge ruled. The court found that the FBI's conduct
was the cause of the convictions, and that the conduct met the standard
for intentional infliction of emotional distress, as the alleged actions
violated all standards of decency and were intentional. The family members
of the convicted persons were entitled to damages, under Massachusetts
law for bystanders' intentional infliction of emotional distress. $1 million
for each year of imprisonment was awarded to the men falsely convicted,
or their estates. The minor children of the convicted men, and three of
the wives of the convicted men were also awarded damages, as were an adult
child of one of the men, and a wife who divorced one of the men. Two of
the four men are now deceased, while two of them are still alive. Limone
v. U.S., No. 02cv10890-NG, 2007 U.S. Dist. Lexis 54224 (D. Mass.). [Editor's
Note: The total damages awarded were $101.7 million].
Secret Service officers who stopped a motorist
based on an outstanding arrest warrant, and seized a bag including four
prescription eyeglasses from his vehicle were within the definition of
"any other law enforcement officer" in 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680(c)
of the Federal Tort Claims Act. The U.S. government, therefore, was protected
from liability by this statutory provision barring liability for "detention
of any goods, merchandise, or other property by any officer of customs
or excise or any other law enforcement officer," on the motorist's
claim concerning the alleged failure of the Secret Service to subsequently
return the eyeglasses. Perez v. U.S., No. 06-CV-1508, 2007 U.S. Dist. Lexis
36843 (D.N.J.).
An arrestee's claims for alleged unlawful
detention accrued at the latest in 1996, so that claims he asserted under
the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) in 2004, were barred by a two-year statute
of limitations in 28 U.S.C.S. § 2401(b). Feurtado v. Dunivant, No.
06-56496, 2007 U.S. App. Lexis 14238 (9th Cir.).
Arrestee's claims for false arrest and malicious
prosecution under the Federal Tort Claims Act and for federal postal employees'
alleged violations of his federal civil rights accrued at the date that
the alleged wrongful prosecution of him ended, so that they were barred
by an applicable two-year statute of limitations. Braunstein v. U.S. Postal
Service, No. 05-16390, 2007 U.S. App. Lexis 8831 (9th Cir.).
The Westfall Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2679(b)(1)
provides federal employees absolute immunity from tort claims for actions
taken in the course of their official duties, and gives the Attorney General
the power to certify that a federal employee sued for wrongful or negligent
conduct was acting within the scope of his office or employment at the
time of the incident. Once that certification takes place, the U.S. government
is substituted as the defendant instead of the employee, and the lawsuit
is then governed by the Federal Tort Claims Act. Additionally, if the lawsuit
began in state court, the Westfall Act provides that it shall be removed
to federal court, and renders the Attorney General's certification "conclusive"
for purposes of the removal. Once the certification and removal take place,
the federal court has the exclusive jurisdiction over the case, and cannot
decide to send the lawsuit back to state court. In this case, the U.S.
Supreme Court also ruled that certification can take place under the Westfall
Act in instances where the federal employee sued claims, and the Attorney
General also concludes, that the incident alleged in the lawsuit never
even took place. Osborn v. Haley, No. 05-593, 2007 U.S. Lexis 1323. [N/R]
Motorist injured when his car was rear-ended
by a car which had itself been rear-ended by a vehicle driven by an FBI agent
was entitled to $651,037.01 in damages, including $100,000 for pain and
suffering, future lost wages of $408,562 based on diminished earning capacity,
and other damages for medical expenses and property damages. The award
was made in a lawsuit for negligence againstthe FBI agent under the Federal
Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C.S. §§ 2671-2680, and the court ruled
that such negligence was the cause of the accident. Roark v. U.S.,
No.6:05CV00041, 2006 U.S. Dist. Lexis 74784 (W.D. Va.). [N/R]
In police officer's lawsuit under the Federal
Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680, against an IRS agent who obtained
his arrest and prosecution, summary judgment was properly granted on false
imprisonment and malicious prosecution claims. A presumption of probable
cause which arose from the arrestee's indictment was not rebutted for purposes
of the malicious prosecution claim when there was no evidence that the
IRS agent lied in his testimony before a federal grand jury. Conrad v.
U.S., No. 04-15402, 447 F. 3d 760 (9th Cir. 2006). [N/R]
Wife could not pursue her claim under the
Federal Tort Claims Act against the U.S. government for the death of her
husband, allegedly murdered by FBI informants, since he failed to exhaust
her available administrative remedies before filing her lawsuit. Barrett
v. U.S., No. 05-1905, 2006 U.S. App. Lexis 22745 (1st Cir.). [N/R]
An arrestee's claims for intentional infliction
of emotional distress against federal prosecutors and a postal inspector
under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2401(b), arising out
of his arrest, were subject to a two year statute of limitations in New
York. Levine v. Gerson, No. 05-0748, 164 Fed. Appx. 64 (2d Cir. 2006).
[N/R]
In a lawsuit brought against the U.S. government
and an agent of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for false
arrest and malicious prosecution of a man for allegedly falsely obtaining
government funds for disaster relief assistance after the September 11,
2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, the Federal Tort Claims
Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680(g) provides that a lawsuit against the
U.S. government is the exclusive remedy, barring New York state law claims
against the agent. Applying New York law to the claims against the U.S.
government, the plaintiff could not prevail on his false arrest claim when
his arrest was carried out under a valid arrest warrant, and could not
recover on his malicious prosecution claim when he failed to show that
the prosecution against him was started with "actual malice."
Lewis v. U.S., No. 03 Civ. 10220, 388 F. Supp. 2d 190 (S.D.N.Y. 2005).
[N/R]
Tribal police officer responding to a domestic
dispute between two non-Indians at a casino on tribal land was not engaged
in enforcing federal law, and therefore he and his police chief could not
pursue their claim for indemnification for claims of assault and battery
against them under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680(h).
The federal government has not waived its sovereign immunity against indemnification
claims in such circumstances. Herbert v. U.S., No. 05-30223, 438 F.3d 483
(5th Cir. 2006). [N/R]
In negligence claim brought by driver under
Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Secs. 1346(b), 2671-80, for injuries
allegedly suffered during accident involving a car driven by an FBI agent,
the driver did not suffer "serious" injury as required for recovery
under New York's No-Fault Insurance Law. The driver had pre-existing cervical
and spinal damage and permanent injuries already in existence at the time
of a car accident did not qualify as "serious injuries" under
New York law applicable to FTCA lawsuit. Jones v. U.S., No. CV-04-1276,
408 F. Supp. 2d 107 (E.D.N.Y. 2006). [N/R]
Tribal police officer engaged in an attempt
to enforce tribal law was not a federal law enforcement officer within
the meaning of the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680, and the
defendants were therefore entitled to summary judgment in a lawsuit brought
under that statute for alleged excessive use of force. LaVallie v. United
States, No. A1-04-075, 396 F. Supp. 2d 1082 (D. N.D. 2005). [N/R]
Motorist who was run over by Indian tribal
police vehicle while hiding on the ground in alfalfa field after abandoning
vehicle at the conclusion of high-speed chase could not recover damages
under Federal Tort Claims Act. His own negligence in eluding officers and
hiding in the field contributed to his injuries, barring recovery under
applicable South Dakota law. Good Low v. US, No. 05-1114, 2005 U.S. App.
Lexis 24517 (8th Cir.). [2006 LR Jan]
FBI and its personnel were not liable for
death of murder victim killed after self-proclaimed bank robber called
FBI offering to turn himself in, and allegedly killed the victim the following
day after his call was purportedly ignored. Liability was barred under
the discretionary function exception to the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA),
28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680(a), as the decision as to how to respond to the phone
call was discretionary. McCloskey v. Mueller, No. CIV.A.04-CV-11015, 385
F. Supp. 2d 74 (D. Mass. 2005). [N/R]
Lawsuit against the U.S. government for alleged
FBI complicity in the organized crime murder of a man purportedly ordered
by two high-level FBI mob informants was barred because the victim's spouse
failed to file an administrative claim with the FBI for over two years
after she should have known, from publicly available information, that
she had a possible claim. Callahan v. U.S , No. 04-2466 2005 U.S. App.
Lexis 22395 (1st Cir.). [2005 LR Dec]
Dismissal of plaintiff's suit under the Federal
Tort Claims Act is affirmed where a reasonable factfinder could conclude
that plaintiff has failed to show that defendants assaulted or maliciously
prosecuted him under Ohio law. Harris v. U.S., No. 04-3520, 2005 U.S. App.
Lexis 19058 (6th Cir.). [2005 LR Oct]
Undercover federal drug agent acted reasonably
in fearing for her life and shooting a suspect participating in an attempted
armed robbery during a drug transaction. U.S. government not liable under
Federal Tort Claims Act for agent's actions which caused suspect to be
paralyzed from the waist down. Morales v. US, No. 03-1743, 2005 U.S. App.
Lexis 10082 (6th Cir.). [2005 LR Sep]
Liquor store owners stated a viable possible
claim under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1346(b)
based on alleged conduct of FBI agents who allegedly passed their names
on to racketeers after they reported to police that they were victims of
extortion by the racketeers, resulting in damage to their businesses. The
racketeers were allegedly being protected by the FBI agents as confidential
informants, and the agents acted within the scope of their employment under
the FTCA in taking their alleged actions. The actions did not come within
the "discretionary function" exemption to the FTCA, because the
agents had "no room" for the exercise of discretion under extensive
FBI regulations concerning how to handle confidential informants. The claims
asserted, however, were time barred under the applicable statute of limitations,
so the complaint was dismissed. Rakes v. United States, No. CIV.A.02-10480,
352 F. Supp. 2d 47 (D. Mass. 2005). [N/R]
Federal Tort Claims Act did not provide jurisdiction
for claim, by subsequently exonerated arrestees initially convicted of
bank robberies, that FBI agents negligently failed to properly file and
disclose conflicting eyewitness identifications of other suspects, resulting
in their wrongful conviction. Wisconsin state law would not impose liability
for negligence on private persons in similar circumstances, so there could
not be liability for the U.S. government. Bolduc v. U.S., No. 03-2081,
2005 U.S. App. Lexis 4718 (1st Cir. 2005). [2005 LR May]
Probable cause existed for arrest and prosecution
of man for bank robbery after which he was identified as the robber from
surveillance photographs by his former wife and subsequently identified
by a bank teller as the robber from a clear photograph of six men. Trial
court therefore properly dismissed malicious prosecution claim against
U.S. government under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1346
and 2671. Waller v. United States, No. 03-20877, 100 Fed. Appx. 254 (5th
Cir. 2004). [N/R]
Prior dismissal of a lawsuit under the Federal
Tort Claims Act for the alleged intentional destruction of computer equipment
and data seized during the execution of a search warrant did not bar a
subsequent civil rights lawsuit against the federal agents involved in
the search. Hallock v. Bonner, No. 03-6221, 387 F.3d 147 (2nd Cir. 2004).
[2005 LR Jan]
Activities of the U.S. Marshals Service while
attempting to provide protection to a federal judge and his home involved
the exercise of judgment, bringing their actions within the discretionary
function exception to liability under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C.
Sec. 2671 et seq. This entitled the U.S. government to dismissal of a claim
under the Act by neighboring homeowners seeking money damages for alleged
trespass, nuisance, and invasion of privacy committed by the Marshals in
the course of carrying out their protective function. The judge was given
24-hour-a-day protection at his residence because of threats to him resulting
from his handling of terrorism related court cases. Callahan v. United
States, 329 F. Supp. 2d 404 (S.D.N.Y. 2004). [N/R]
Postal inspector's undercover vehicle qualified
as a "police vehicle" under a New York statute granting qualified
exemptions from traffic laws from traffic laws when engaged in emergency
operations. The defendant inspector did not act in "reckless disregard"
of others' safety in following a person under surveillance through a red
light. The U.S. government was not, therefore, liable under the Federal
Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2671 et seq., for injuries to another motorist
in an ensuing traffic accident. Hodder v. United States, 328 F. Supp. 335
(S.D.N.Y. 2004). [N/R]
Wife who was attacked and injured by her husband
when he escaped from the custody of the U.S. Marshals Service after allegedly
violating a domestic violence order of protection could not pursue her
lawsuit against the Marshals Service and U.S. government when she failed
to exhaust available administrative remedies under the Federal Tort Claims
Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1346, 2671 et seq. She also could not pursue
federal civil rights claims against federal officials under 42 U.S.C. Sec.
1983 in the absence of any allegation that they acted under color of state
law. Cureton v. U.S. Marshal Service, 322 F. Supp. 2d 23 (D.D.C. 2004).
[N/R]
Woman's claim that she was raped by a military
recruiter on U.S. government premises did not entitle her to pursue liability
claims against the government under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA),
28 U.S.C. Sec. 1346(b)(1) and 2680(h). Claims for alleged negligent hiring
and supervision of alleged assailant were barred because they arose from
alleged intentional misconduct, coming within an "intentional tort"
exclusion from the FTCA's waiver of governmental immunity. Verran v. United
States, 305 F. Supp. 2d 765 (E.D. Mich. 2004). [N/R]
Federal appeals
court finds that plaintiff who was awarded $87,000 in damages for alleged
battery by two police officers at veterans' hospital was improperly also
awarded $49,000 in attorneys' fees. While evidence showed, for purposes
of award under Federal Tort Claims Act, that officers acted "wantonly,"
the U.S. government did not act "wantonly" in presenting a defense
against the plaintiff's claims. Stive v. U.S., No. 03-2151, 2004 U.S. App.
Lexis 8346 (7th Cir.). [2004 LR Jun]
Police officer's failure to exhaust available
administrative remedies barred his bringing a lawsuit under the Federal
Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2675(a) against federal officers seeking
emotional distress damages for their alleged failure to protect him from
reprisals by targets of an investigation of police corruption. Russo v.
Glasser, 279 F. Supp. 2d 126 (D. Conn. 2003). [N/R]
In a lawsuit brought by the family of an
man shot and killed by gang members after it was allegedly negligently
revealed that he was an FBI informant, the right to bring the lawsuit
under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2671-2680, accrued at
the latest on the date when family members attended hearings at which the
relationship between FBI agents and gang members was revealed and widely
reported in the media. Accordingly, the court holds that the lawsuit should
be dismissed as time-barred under the applicable statute of limitations.
McIntyre v. United States, 254 F. Supp. 2d 183 (D. Mass. 2003). [N/R]
U.S. government was not responsible, under
Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680(a) for the alleged
intentional misconduct of informants in a case where the indictment against
the plaintiff for conspiring to transfer human organs from executed Chinese
prisoners for human transplantation was dismissed. Such liability under
the statute was not possible when the informants were not employees acting
within the scope of their employment and were not investigative or law
enforcement officials. Plaintiff also failed to show that the conduct of
federal agents involved in the case fell outside the scope of the "operative
discretionary function exception" to liability under the statute for
law enforcement actions involving an element of discretion. Wang v. U.S.,
No. 02-6123, 61 Fed. Appx. 757 (2nd Cir. 2003). [N/R]
A factual issue existed as to whether a federal
employee was acting within the scope of his employment when his vehicle
struck a motorist's car as he was driving his own car at the time and made
no effort to attend purported work-related meeting after the collision
despite the drivable condition of his vehicle. Plaintiff could therefore
challenge U.S. government's attempts to substitute itself as the proper
defendant and have the case dismissed for the plaintiff's alleged failure
to pursue administrative remedies under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28
U.S.C. Sec. 2401(b) within two years of the accident. Ware v. Doane, 227
F. Supp. 2d 169 (D. Me. 2002). [N/R]
Former deputy U.S. Marshal's claim that the
CIA and Bureau of Narcotics tested psychoactive drugs on him without his
consent or knowledge was not barred by the intentional tort exception to
the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2671 et seq., since
they could be interpreted as asserting claims for negligent supervision.
Plaintiff's claims also were not barred by the Federal Employees' Compensation
Act, 5 U.S.C. Sec. 8116 et seq. since his allegation that he was involuntarily
given LSD while attending a holiday party at the Post Office as part of
a CIA experiment did not relate to dangers created by his employment. Ritchie
v. U.S.A., 210 F. Supp. 2d 1120 (N.D. Cal. 2002). [N/R]
Arrestee's claims for negligence and intentional
infliction of emotional distress growing out of his alleged wrongful arrest
by the U.S. Air Force and military police officers had to be dismissed,
as sovereign immunity for those claims were not waived under the Federal
Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2680(h). Tinch v. United States, 189 F.
Supp. 2d 313 (D. Md. 2002). [N/R]]
328:62 Federal government was not liable
for officer's alleged rape of female motorist when officer's actions were
outside of the scope of his employment; federal appeals court rejects "apparent
authority" as a basis for liability under the Federal Tort Claims
Act. Primeaux v. U.S., No. 97-2691, 181 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 1999).
329:72 An arrestee's failure to challenge
a forfeiture proceeding concerning $11,000 he gathered to use for bail
money precluded him from asserting, in a Federal Tort Claims Act lawsuit,
that he had a property interest in the money at the time he claimed it
was "illegally seized." Bazuaye v. U.S., 41 F.Supp. 2d 19 (D.D.C.
1999).
310:151 Federal drug agents' actions in arresting
the "wrong man" with the same name as that stated in an arrest
warrant was protected by the "discretionary function" exception
to the Federal Tort Claims Act; federal government not liable even if agents
acted negligently in mistaken identity case before and after serving warrant.
Mesa v. United States, 123 F.3d 1435 (11th Cir. 1997).
283:103 Federal officers' arrest of woman
with same name, social security number, birthdate, birthplace, and abdominal
scar as suspect sought in arrest warrant was objectively reasonable Rodriguez
v. US, 54 F.3d 41 (1st Cir. 1995).
275:165 Trial judge did not violate plaintiff's
Seventh Amendment jury trial right by awarding a lower amount against the
U.S. government on Federal Tort Claims Act claim than the amount a jury
assessed as damages in a federal civil rights claim brought against arresting
federal officer Engle v. Mecke, 24 F.3d 133 (10th Cir. 1994).
U.S. government liable for $779,30565 to
estate and family of woman murdered by indicted federal felon released
from custody in order to work as an informant for the INS; INS agents failed
to adequately supervise informant, to warn murder victim or local police
department of his release, or to take action to apprehend him Marin v.
United States, 814 F.Supp. 1468 (E.D. Wash 1992).