AELE LAW LIBRARY OF CASE SUMMARIES:
Corrections Law for
Jails, Prisons and Detention Facilities
Defamation
A pretrial detainee
under an Illinois Sexually Violent Person Act claimed that his constitutional
privacy rights and rights under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Pub. L. No. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (1996), were violated
by the "stigmatizing effects" of the stamp that the facility
affixes to his outgoing mail, which reads "sexually violent person
treatment center." Rejecting this claim, a federal appeals court ruled
that the prisoner's claim was essentially for defamation, and that the
prisoner's "interest in his reputation, by itself, is not protected
by the Fourteenth Amendment." As to any claim under HIPAA, the trial
court correctly found that the statute does not provide for a private right
of action. Carpenter v. Phillips, #10-3176, 2011 U.S. App. Lexis 9417 (Unpub.
7th Cir.).
New Jersey inmate
could not pursue a federal civil rights claim against prison personnel
for defamation on the basis of an allegedly false statement in his medical
file that he was suicidal. Damage to reputation alone is insufficient for
a constitutional claim. Dubois v. Vargas, No. 05-1647, 148 Fed. Appx. 111
(3rd Cir. 2005). [N/R]
Prisoner's libel
and slander claims against federal prison employee for calling him a liar
and a "vexatious litigant with a morally deviant character" could
not be pursued under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec.
2671 et seq., since that statute specifically exempts defamation claims.
Beckwith v. Hart, 263 F. Supp. 2d 1018 (D. Md. 2003). [N/R]
Virginia prison warden could not pursue,
in Virginia federal court, defamation claims against Connecticut newspapers
for publishing articles, also posted on their Internet sites, concerning
Connecticut state policy of housing some prisoners in Virginia correctional
facilities. Young v. New Haven Advocate, No. 01-2340, 315 F.3d 256 (4th
Cir. 2002). [2003 JB Mar.]
A police officer's report that a correctional
officer was "disorderly" was insufficient to state a federal
civil rights claim for injury to the correctional officer's reputation,
based on the village's communication to the plaintiff's employer of the
report. Defamation alone is insufficient to state a federal civil rights
claim and a cause of action would only exist if the plaintiff could show
stigma to his reputation, plus other injury. In this case, injury to reputation
was all that was shown. Ruggiero v. Phillips, 739 N.Y.S.2d 797 (A.D. 2002).
[N/R]
Prisoner did not present a valid claim for
defamation based on Department of Corrections' truthful description of
him, on its website, as a "convicted robber." The fact that the
prisoner had a pending appeal from his conviction did not alter the result,
and, once he was convicted, he was no longer entitled to a "presumption
of innocence." Wells v. Goord, #01-172, 29 Federal Appendix 693 (2nd
Cir. 2002). [2002 JB Jun]
N.Y. appeals court rules that plaintiff correctional
officer adequately showed that non-profit legal services corporation defamed
him with "actual malice" in sending letter listing him as an
officer who used excessive force; jury award of $150,000 in compensatory
and $150,000 in punitive damages reduced, however, to $35,000 in compensatory
damages only. Sweeney v. Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Inc., 610
N.Y.S.2d 628 (A.D. 1994).
Georgia inmate could not sue correctional
officer for writing allegedly defamatory disciplinary reports about him;
state statute barred liability for libel or slander by state employees
acting within the scope of their employment. Howard v. Burch, 436 S.E.2d
573 (Ga. App. 1993).
Michigan court holds that correctional officers
are absolutely immune from liability for defamation for statements made
in misconduct report utilized in disciplinary process; officer not liable
for writing report accusing two inmates of sodomy. Couch v. Schultz, 483
N.W.2d 684 (Mich. App. 1992).
Prison supervisor's mistaken statements to
other prisoners implying that inmate was homosexual were defamatory, but
protected by a qualified privilege when made in response to prisoners'
request to move into plaintiff-inmate's cell. Key v. Ohio Dept. of Rehab.
& Corr., 62 Ohio Misc. 2d 242, 598 N.E.2d 207 (Ohio Ct. Cl. 1990).
Department of Corrections and its employees
were immune from liability for placing memo in inmate's file alleging that
his female attorney was romantically involved with him. Indiana Dept. of
Correction v. Stagg, 556 N.E.2d 1338 (Ind. App. 1990).
Prison officials entitled to qualified immunity
for disseminating "confidential information" that inmate had
allegedly assaulted his daughters during family visit. Smith v. Coughlin,
727 F.Supp. 834 (S.D.N.Y. 1989).
Inmates could sue corrections officer for
defamation for filing misconduct report charging them with sodomy, despite
disciplinary hearing finding of guilt. Couch v. Schultz, 439 N.W.2d 296
(Mich. App. 1989).