AELE LAW LIBRARY OF CASE SUMMARIES:
Corrections Law for
Jails, Prisons and Detention Facilities
Defenses: Sovereign Immunity
A federal prisoner
claimed that the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) unlawfully ended his work
program with UNICOR, which provides work and training opportunities under
28 C.F.R. Sec. 345.11(a), and sought reinstatement and an award of back
pay. A federal court has rejected the argument that the BOP's provision
of a grievance system constituted an implied waiver of sovereign immunity
and that the prisoner could use the Administrative Procedure Act, 18 U.S.C.
Sec. 3625 to challenge his termination. The U.S. and its agencies cannot
be sued in the absence of an explicit waiver of sovereign immunity, and
the APA does not apply to any determination made under the statutes governing
imprisonment. Anderson v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, No. 06-01402, 2007
U.S. Dist. Lexis 68137 (D.D.C.).
The waiver of sovereign
immunity by Pennsylvania under state law for dangerous conditions on governmental
property did not apply to a Pennsylvania prisoner's lawsuit against the
state in federal court asserting a state law negligence claim for injuries
he allegedly suffered when his Achilles tendon was torn by a pipe protruding
from his cell floor. The statute containing the waiver itself said that
it did not waive the state's Eleventh Amendment immunity, preventing it
from being sued for damages in federal court. Prisoner also failed to show
that prison officials acted with deliberate indifference to his serious
medical needs following his injuries, as required for a federal civil rights
claim. Brooks v. Beard, No. 05-3196, 167 Fed. Appx. 923 (3rd Cir. 2006).
[N/R]
Nebraska Supreme Court holds that state correctional
agencies were entitled to sovereign immunity in lawsuit by female inmate
claiming that a correctional employee sexually assaulted her, whether her
claims were based either on the mere fact that he was an employee or on
the defendants' alleged own negligence in hiring and supervising him. Johnson
v. State of Nebraska, No. S-03-1362, 700 N.W.2d 620 (Neb. 2005). [2006
JB Feb]
Federal government was entitled to sovereign
immunity in prisoner's lawsuit claiming that his books and manuscript,
mailed to his home by prison officials, were lost. While he claimed that
this was due to negligence by the federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and post
office, an exception to the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Sec.
1346(b), 2680(b) for "loss, miscarriage, or negligent transmission
of letters or postal matters" barred liability. Georgacarakos v. U.S.,
No. 04-1363, 420 F.3d 1185 (10th Cir. 2005). [N/R]
North Carolina county only waived sovereign immunity
to the extent of liability insurance purchased. Inmate who was awarded
$49,500 by jury on his claim that a deputy sheriff assaulted him, therefore,
could recover nothing, as the county's liability insurance only provided
coverage for claims in excess of $250,000. Cunningham v. Riley, 611 S.E.2d
423 (N.C. App. 2005). [2005 JB Dec]
Under California statutory law, both the
State and the Department of Corrections were immune from liability on a
prisoner's claims arising out of alleged medical malpractice and intentional
infliction of emotional distress. Prisoner was also required, under both
federal and state law, to exhaust available administrative remedies before
pursuing his claims in court, and failed to do so. Wright v. State of Cal.,
No. C044302, 19 Cal. Rptr. 3d 92 (Cal. App. 3d Dist. 2004). [N/R]
State of Texas was entitled to sovereign
immunity against prisoner's claim for personal injury resulting from contact
with a razor-wire fence surrounding a prison recreation yard. The presence
of the razor wire there did not constitute either an "ordinary premises
defect," or a "special defect" enumerated as an exception
to sovereign immunity in the state's Tort Claims Act, V.T.C.A., Civil Practice
& Remedies Code, Sec. 101.022. Retzlaff v. Texas Department of Criminal
Justice, No. 01-02-00437-CV, 135 S.W.3d 731 (Tex. App. 1st Dist. 2003),
rehearing denied March 4, 2004. [N/R]
Prisoner who claimed that he slipped and
fell on a wet floor in a Pennsylvania state prison, injuring himself, could
not collect damages. State correctional department was entitled to summary
judgment because a wet or waxed floor was not a "dangerous condition"
sufficient to come within an exception to sovereign immunity under state
law for defects in real property. Raker v. Pa. Dept. of Corrections, 844
A.2d 659 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004). [N/R]
Florida prisoner failed to provide
adequate notice of his negligence claim against the Department of Corrections
to satisfy notice provision of statute waiving sovereign immunity for claims
against the state. Prisoner's first letter misidentified the correctional
facility in which he had been incarcerated, and second letter was not copied
to the state Department of Insurance, which was therefore never given knowledge
of the need to investigate or respond to the claim. Maynard v. State, #1D02-1048,
864 So. 2d 1232 (Fla. App. 1st Dist. 2004). [N/R]
Detainee's action of hanging himself to death
with shoelace in his holding cell less than two hours after being placed
there on DUI charges did not subject facility to liability under Pennsylvania
state law for negligence. Neither "personal property" nor "real
estate" exceptions to sovereign immunity under state law applied.
Pennsylvania State Police v. Klimek, 839 A.2d 1173 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).
[2004 JB Apr]
Illinois court rules that sovereign immunity
barred a paraplegic inmate's claim seeking damages against prison warden
for alleged disability discrimination under Americans with Disabilities
Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. Sec. 12132. State did not consent to be sued by prisoners
based on ADA violations, and Congress had not abrogated the state's immunity
under the statute. Evans v. Page, No. 5-02-0126, 792 N.E.2d 805 (Ill. App.
5th Dist. 2003). [N/R]
262:148 Oklahoma state Department
of Corrections was an "arm" of the state and, as such, could
not be the defendant in a federal civil rights lawsuit; prisoner's lawsuit
alleging that correctional officer employed by the state had sexually assaulted
her dismissed when Department was only defendant named. Glenn v. State
Dept. of Corrections, 943 P.2d 154 (Okl. App. 1997).
243:38 Utah was immune from suit for damages
based on alleged negligent failure to recapture prisoners who escaped from
halfway house or to prevent them from murdering mountain cabin owners and
kidnapping owners' two minor daughters. Tiede v. State of Utah, 915 P.2d
500 (Utah 1996).
243:38 New York high court rules that sovereign
immunity no longer protects state government against lawsuits for violations
of state constitutional rights, such as protection against unreasonable
search and seizure and equal protection of law; N.Y. state government can
now be sued for monetary damages in state court for violation of state
constitution. Brown v. State, No. 186, N.Y. Ct. of Appeals, 89 N.Y.2d 172,
674 N.E.2d 1129, 652 N.Y.S.2d 223, 1996 N.Y. Lexis 3175 (Nov. 19, 1996).