Articles By Topic:

• Corrections
• Discipline & Employment Law
• Police Liability

Abortion
Prisoner Procreation and Abortion Issues, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Access to Courts
Access to Courts and Legal Information, 2007 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Chemical Weapons
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part III: Use of Chemical Weapons, 2008 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Diet
Prisoner Diet Legal Issues, 2007 (7) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Forced Feeding or Medication of Prisoners, 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Disability Discrimination: Prisoners 
Accommodation of Wheelchair-Bound Prisoners, 2009 (10) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Exercise
Prisoner Exercise and Civil Liability, 2008 (7) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Female Prisoners
Shackling of Pregnant Prisoners, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Firearms Related
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part IV: Firearms, 2009 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

First Amendment
Religious Freedom in Correctional Facilities (I)--Legal Standard, 2007 (3) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Religious Freedom in Correctional Facilities (II)--Appearance and Apparel, 2007 (4) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Religious Freedom in Correctional Facilities (III): Protection for "Unconventional" Religions?, 2009 (3) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.
Prisoner Mail Legal Issues, 2007 (6) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Atheist, Agnostic or “Secular Humanist” Prisoners, And the “Establishment of Religion”, 2009 (5) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.
Prisoners and Sexually Explicit Materials, 2010 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Forced Feeding or Medication
Forced Feeding or Medication of Prisoners, 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Governmental Liability
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part II: Governmental and Supervisory Liability, 2008 (10) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Homosexual and Bisexual Prisoners
Homosexual or Bisexual Prisoners, 2009 (6) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Inmate Funds
Legal Issues Pertaining to Inmate Funds, 2008 (4) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Inmate Property
Legal Issues Pertaining to Inmate Property, 2008 (3) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Jail & Prison Fires
Legal Aspects of Jail and Prison Fires, 2008 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Prisoner Assault: By Inmates
Civil Liability for Prisoner Assault by Inmates, 2007 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Transsexual Prisoners: Protection From Assault, 2009 (7) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Prisoner Assault: By Officers
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part I: Legal Standard and Individual Liability, 2008 (9) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part II: Governmental and Supervisory Liability, 2008 (10) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part III: Use of Chemical Weapons, 2008 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Mail
Prisoner Mail Legal Issues, 2007 (6) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Prisoners and Sexually Explicit Materials, 2010 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Medical Care
Civil Liability for Inadequate Prisoner Medical Care, 2007 (9) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Forced Feeding or Medication of Prisoners, 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Transsexual Prisoners: Medical Care Issues, 2009 (8) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.
Civil Liability for Inadequate Prisoner Dental Care, 2009 (9) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.
Mental Health Care of Prisoners, 2009 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.
Shackling of Pregnant Prisoners, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Prisoner Marriage
Prisoner Marriage, 2007 (10) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Prisoner Procreation
Prisoner Procreation and Abortion Issues, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Shackling of Pregnant Prisoners, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Prisoner Restraint
Shackling of Pregnant Prisoners, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Public Protection
Public Protection: Liability for Actions of Prisoners and Former Prisoners, 2009 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Racial Discrimination
Racial Classifications and Inmate Housing Assignments, 2010 (1) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Religion
Religious Freedom in Correctional Facilities (I)--Legal Standard, 2007 (3) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Religious Freedom in Correctional Facilities (II)--Appearance and Apparel, 2007 (4) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Religious Freedom in Correctional Facilities (III): Protection for "Unconventional" Religions?, 2009 (3) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.
Atheist, Agnostic or “Secular Humanist” Prisoners, And the “Establishment of Religion”, 2009 (5) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Sexual Assaults on Prisoners
Civil Liability for Sexual Assaults on Prisoners, 2007 (8) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Homosexual or Bisexual Prisoners, 2009 (6) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Staff Use of Force
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part I: Legal Standard and Individual Liability, 2008 (9) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part II: Governmental and Supervisory Liability, 2008 (10) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part III: Use of Chemical Weapons, 2008 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part IV: Firearms, 2009 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Staff Use of Force, Part V: Cell Extraction, 2009 (4) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Smoking
Legal Issues Pertaining to Smoking in Correctional Facilities, 2008 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Suicide
Civil Liability for Prisoner Suicide, 2007 (2) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Supervisory Liability
Staff Use of Force Against Prisoners--Part II: Governmental and Supervisory Liability, 2008 (10) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Telephone Use
Legal Issues Pertaining to Inmate Telephone Use, 2008 (2) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Transsexual Prisoners
Transsexual Prisoners: Protection From Assault, 2009 (7) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.
Transsexual Prisoners: Medical Care Issues, 2009 (8) AELE Mo. L. J. 301.

Visitation
Legal Issues Pertaining to Visitation -- Part One, 2008 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.
Legal Issues Pertaining to Visitation -- Part Two, 2008 (6) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Work Programs
Prisoner Work Programs, 2008 (8) AELE Mo. L.J. 301.

Discipline & Employment Law

Administrative Investigations of Police Shootings and Other Critical Incidents
Administrative Investigations of Police Shootings and Other Critical Incidents: Officer Statements and Use of Force Reports
Part One: The Prologue, 2008 (6) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Administrative Investigations of Police Shootings and Other Critical Incidents: Officer Statements and Use of Force Reports Part Two: The Basics, 2008 (8) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Chaplain Programs
Legal Challenges to Police and Fire Chaplain Programs, 2009 (4) AELE Mo. L.J. 201.

Disability Discrimination
Analysis of the ADA as it Pertains to Medical Examinations of Police Officers Applying for Special Assignments, by Dave Corey, Ph.D., ABPP, 2007 (7) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.

Disciplinary Investigations
Administrative Investigations of Police Shootings and Other Critical Incidents: Officer Statements and Use of Force Reports
Part One: The Prologue, 2008 (6) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Disciplinary Offenses: Insubordination
Insubordination: The principle of “obey and grieve”, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Disciplinary Rules
Disciplinary Rules: Association With Known Criminals, 2007 (4) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Does Ordering an Employee to Refrain From Certain Personal Contacts Violate Constitutional Due Process? by Michael P. Stone and Marc J. Berger, 2007 (3) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.
Insubordination: The principle of “obey and grieve”, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Fair Labor Standards Act
On-Call Duty, 2008 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Financial Disclosure Requirements
Financial Disclosure Requirements, 2007 (10) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Firearms: -- Legal Aspects of Restrictions
Legal Aspects of Firearms Restrictions - Part One. Management’s Right to Restrict or Forbid an Officer from Carrying Firearms - I, 2009 (2) AELE Mo. L.J. 201.
Legal Aspects of Firearms Restrictions - Part Two. Management’s Right to Restrict or Forbid a Class of Officers from Carrying Firearms; Bargaining and Arbitration Rights, 2009 (3) AELE Mo. L.J. 201.

First Amendment
Picketing Rights of Public Employees, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities Part Three- Participating in Unapproved Training Programs and/or Membership in Controversial Organizations or Events, 2008 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Free Speech
Picketing Rights of Public Employees, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities Part Three- Participating in Unapproved Training Programs and/or Membership in Controversial Organizations or Events, 2008 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Grooming and Appearance
Grooming and Appearance Rules for Public Safety Workers,
Part One - Hair Regulations, 2007 (1) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Grooming and Appearance Rules for Public Safety Workers,
Part Two- Tattoos, Piercings, Jewelry, Dental Ornamentation,
Cosmetics and Religious Headwear , 2007 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Insubordination
Insubordination: The principle of “obey and grieve”, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Investigative Detention of Employees
Investigative Detention of Employees Part One: Criminal Interviews, 2008 (4) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Investigative Detention of Employees Part Two: Non-testimonial Evidence, 2008 (5) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Last Chance Agreements
Last Chance Agreements, 2008 (7) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Moonlighting (Secondary Employment)
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities Part One - Secondary Employment (Moonlighting), 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities Part Two - Secondary Employment (Moonlighting) - Special Issues, 2008 (1) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Nepotism and Fraternization:
Relatives and Romance: Nepotism and Fraternization, 2007 (7) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Nonmedical Employee Performance Deficiencies
Nonmedical Employee Performance Deficiencies Part One - Traffic Enforcement , 2010 (1) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Nonmedical Employee Performance Deficiencies Part Two – Incompetency as a Commanding Officer, 2010 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Off-Duty Activities
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities Part One - Secondary Employment (Moonlighting), 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities Part Two - Secondary Employment (Moonlighting) - Special Issues, 2008 (1) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities Part Three- Participating in Unapproved Training Programs and/or Membership in Controversial Organizations or Events, 2008 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities. Part Four– Sexual Conduct, 2008 (3) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Officer Privacy
Officer Privacy and a Citizen’s Right to Video-Record Police Activity, 2009 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 201.

On-Call Duty
On-Call Duty, 2008 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Officer Suicide:
Suicide and Public Safety Officers: Disciplinary, Medical and Compensation Issues, 2007 (5) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Overtime
Overtime Pay for Preduty Preparations, 2009 (1) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Physical Fitness
Weight and Fitness Requirements, 2008 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Picketing
Picketing Rights of Public Employees, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Reductions in Force
Public Sector Layoffs – Part One, 2009 (6) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Public Sector Layoffs – Part Two, 2009 (7) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Retaliatory Personnel Action
Retaliatory Personnel Action Part One –Statutory Remedies, 2009 (9) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Retaliatory Personnel Action Part Two–Reporting Coworkers, 2009 (10) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Retaliatory Personnel Action Part Three–What constitutes employer retaliation?, 2009 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Settlement Agreements
Validity of Settlement Agreements Containing a "Will Not Reapply for Employment" Provision, 2009 (8) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Training
Regulation of an Employee's Off-Duty Activities Part Three- Participating in Unapproved Training Programs and/or Membership in Controversial Organizations or Events, 2008 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Training Injuries
Legal Aspects of Training Injuries -- Part One, 2007 (8) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Legal Aspects of Training Injuries -- Part Two, 2007 (9) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Training Reimbursement Contracts
Training Reimbursement Contracts, 2007 (3) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Transsexual Public Safety Employees
Legal Rights of Transsexual Public Safety Employees, 2007 (6) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Union & Associational Activities
Picketing Rights of Public Employees, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Untruthfulness and Resume Fraud:
Disciplinary Consequences of Peace Officer Untruthfulness Part I - Job Applications, 2008 (9) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
Disciplinary Consequences of Peace Officer Untruthfulness Part II - Employee Dishonesty, 2008 (10) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.

Video-Recording
Officer Privacy and a Citizen’s Right to Video-Record Police Activity, 2009 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 201.

Police Liability

Autistic Persons
Police Interactions With Autistic Persons, 2009 (7) AELE Mo. L. J. 101

Deadly Force
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part One--General Principles and Objective Reasonableness, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part Two. Qualified Immunity and Inadequate Training, 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part Three. Supervisory Liability and Negligent/Accidental Acts, 2008 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Long v. Honolulu Police Sharpshooter Decision, 2008 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.
Anatomy of a Fatal Police Shooting -- Allegations and Holdings, 2009 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Deaf Persons
Police Interactions with Deaf Persons, 2009 (3) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Defenses: Qualified Immunity
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part Two. Qualified Immunity and Inadequate Training, 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
The Scope of Federal Qualified Immunity in Civil Rights Cases, 2009 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 501.

Defenses: Release Agreements
Enforceability of Civil Liability Release Agreements, 2008 (3) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Disability Discrimination
Police Interactions with Deaf Persons, 2009 (3) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.
Police Interactions With Autistic Persons, 2009 (7) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Dogs -- Use of Police Dogs
Civil Liability for Use of Police Dogs, 2007 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Domestic Violence:
Civil Liability and Domestic Violence Calls -- Part One, 2008 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability and Domestic Violence Calls -- Part Two, 2008 (6) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability and Domestic Violence Calls -- Part Three, 2008 (7) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Domestic Violence and the Reluctant Victim, by Rodney Hill, J.D., 2009 (4) AELE Mo. L. J. 501.

Duty to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence
Civil Liability for Police Failure to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence, 2009 (9) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Firearms Related
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part One, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part Two. Qualified Immunity and Inadequate Training, 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part Three. Supervisory Liability and Negligent/Accidental Acts, 2008 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Long v. Honolulu Police Sharpshooter Decision, 2008 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.

Gang Activity
Use of Injunctions Against Gang Activity--Part One:: Basis of and Advantage of Injunctive Relief, 2009 (10) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.
Use of Injunctions Against Gang Activity--Part Two: Constitutional Challenges, 2009 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.
Use of Injunctions Against Gang Activity--Part Three: and Procedural Issues, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Governmental Liability: Inadequate Training
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part Two. Qualified Immunity and Inadequate Training, 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 101

Handcuffs
Civil Liability for the Use of Handcuffs: Part I - Handcuffs as Excessive Force, 2008 (10) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for the Use of Handcuffs: Part II - Use of Force Against Handcuffed Persons, 2008 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Homeless Persons
Police Interaction with Homeless Persons – Part I – Sleeping and Possessions, 2008 (8) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Police Interaction with Homeless Persons – Part II – Panhandling and Use of Force, 2008 (9) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Injunctions
Use of Injunctions Against Gang Activity--Part One: Basis of and Advantage of Injunctive Relief, 2009 (10) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.
Use of Injunctions Against Gang Activity--Part Two: Constitutional Challenges, 2009 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.
Use of Injunctions Against Gang Activity--Part Three: and Procedural Issues, 2009 (12) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Interrogation
Civil Liability for Intentional Violations of Miranda. Part One: Liability Considerations, 2009 (7) AELE Mo. L. J. 501.
Civil Liability for Intentional Violations of Miranda. Part Two: Criminal Admissibility,2009 (8) AELE Mo. L. J. 501.

Landlord-Tenant Disputes
Landlords, Tenants, and Civil Liability, 2009 (6) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Malicious Prosecution
Civil Liability for Police Failure to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence, 2009 (9) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Off-Duty Officers
Civil Liability for Acts of Off-Duty Officers -- Part One, 2007 (9) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Acts of Off-Duty Officers -- Part Two, 2007 (10) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Restraint and Asphyxia
Restraint and Asphyxia: Part One – Restraint Ties, 2008 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Restraint and Asphyxia: Part Two – Compressional Asphyxia, 2009 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Public Protection
Public Protection: Witnesses, 2009 (4) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.
Public Protection: Informants, 2009 (5) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.
Public Protection: Injured Crime and Accident Victims, 2009 (8) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Pursuits
Civil Liability for Police Pursuit Driving (I), 2007 (2) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Law Enforcement Pursuit Driving (II): Scott v. Harris, 2007 (6) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Search and Seizure: Media Access
Civil Liability from Media Activities During Law Enforcement Operations, 2008 (4) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Search and Seizure: Search Warrants
Civil Liability for Exceeding the Scope of a Search Warrant, 2010 (1) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Sexual Assault & Harassment
Civil Liability for Sexual Assault and Harassment by Officers, 2008 (2) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

SWAT Legal Issues
Civil Liability for SWAT Operations, 2007 (7) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Long v. Honolulu Police Sharpshooter Decision, 2008 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.

Suicide By Cop
Suicide By Cop, 2007 (8) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.

Tasers / Electronic Weapons
Civil Liability for Use of Tasers, stunguns, and other electronic control devices--Part I: 4th Amendment claims for excessive force, 2007 (3) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Tasers, stunguns, and other electronic control devices--Part II: Use against juveniles, and inadequate training claims, 2007 (4) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Tasers, stunguns, and other electronic control devices--Part III: Use Against Detainees and Disabled or Disturbed Persons, 2007 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Electronic Control Devices: Liability and Training Aspects, by Edmund Zigmund, 2007 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.
Taser® Electronic Control Devices (ECDs): An “Intermediate” Use of Force?, 2010 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.

Use of Force -- in General
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part One, 2007 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part Two. Qualified Immunity and Inadequate Training, 2007 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Deadly Force-- Part Three. Supervisory Liability and Negligent/Accidental Acts, 2008 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Use of Force and the Hollywood Factor, by Jeffry L. Johnson, 2007 (4) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.
Long v. Honolulu Police Sharpshooter Decision, 2008 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.
Police Interaction with Homeless Persons – Part II – Panhandling and Use of Force, 2008 (9) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for the Use of Handcuffs: Part I - Handcuffs as Excessive Force, 2008 (10) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for the Use of Handcuffs: Part II - Use of Force Against Handcuffed Persons, 2008 (11) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Restraint and Asphyxia: Part One – Restraint Ties, 2008 (12) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Restraint and Asphyxia: Part Two – Compressional Asphyxia, 2009 (1) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Tasers, stunguns, and other electronic control devices--Part I: 4th Amendment claims for excessive force, 2007 (3) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Tasers, stunguns, and other electronic control devices--Part II: Use against juveniles, and inadequate training claims, 2007 (4) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Civil Liability for Use of Tasers, stunguns, and other electronic control devices--Part III: Use Against Detainees and Disabled or Disturbed Persons, 2007 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 101.
Electronic Control Devices: Liability and Training Aspects, by Edmund Zigmund, 2007 (5) AELE Mo. L.J. 501.
Taser® Electronic Control Devices (ECDs): An “Intermediate” Use of Force?, 2010 (2) AELE Mo. L. J. 101.