AELE Law Library:
List of Police and Public Safety Law Materials

Annotations, articles, books/ booklets, catalogs, law review articles/ notes, and reports


Back to AELE Home Page

Users agree to the AELE Law Library conditions listed on the User Access Agreement page.

Please report any dead links here

CONTENTS

1.         Administrative Law

2.         Arbitration

3.         Biological or Chemical Threats and Terrorism

4.         Bounty Hunters

5.         Canines (use of police dogs)

6.         Civil Liability and Civil Rights

7.         Collective Bargaining

8.         Constitutional Claims (in general)

9.         Decertification of Police Officers

10.       Disability Discrimination

11.       Discipline

12.       Discovery, Confidentiality and Records Privacy

13.       DNA

14.       Domestic Partnerships

15.       Domestic Violence

16.       Drug Enforcement

17.       Due Process (for employees)

18.       Educational Requirements and Incentives

19.       Eleventh Amendment

20.       E Mail and Internet Use

21.       Employment Practices

22.       English-Only Rules

23.       Ethics

24.       Evidence

25.       Excessive Force (by peace officers)

26.       Exclusionary Rule

27.       Family and Medical Leave

28.       First Amendment Rights of Public Employees

29.       Gangs and Police Action

30.       Genetic Testing and Medical Privacy

31.       Hairstyle and Appearance

32.       Health Care

33.       Mental Illness - Police Response to

34.       Motor Vehicle Laws and Searches

35.       Negligent Failure to Protect Crime Victims

36.       Nepotism

37.       News Media

38.       Perjury by Police Officers

39.       Political Activity of Police Personnel

40.       Polygraph

41.       Prisoner Rights

42.       Private Security

43.       Privatization of Prisons and Criminal Justice

44.       Psychological Testing

45.       Race Discrimination in Employment

46.       Race Relations and the Police; Profiling

47.       Resistance to Arrest

48.       Residency Requirements

49.       School Law

50.       Search and Seizure

51.       Sex Discrimination

52.       Sexual Harassment

53.       Sexual Orientation

54.       Smoking

55.       Surveillance, Infiltration, Monitoring and Facial Recognition

56.       Stress

57.       SWAT Operations

58.       Terrorism

59.       Testing (non psychological)

60.       Transsexual Inmates

61.       Vision Standards

62.       Wage and Hour Claims

63.       Workplace Privacy

64.       Workplace Violence

Most law review articles and notes can be downloaded from Westlaw or Lexis-Nexis ®. These are not available from AELE.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

       Law Review: “A Proposal for a Statewide Law Enforcement Administrative Law Council,” by Wayne W. Schmidt, 2 (3) Jour. of Police Sci. & Admin. 330-338 (Northw. Univ. Sch. of Law, 1974).

ARBITRATION

       Article: “Defeating mandatory arbitration clauses,” Trial magazine (ATLA Jan. 2000) and online at www.atlanet.org.

       Article: “Due process protocol for mediation and arbitration of statutory disputes arising out of the employment relationship,” on Internet at: http://www.bna.com/bnabooks/ababna/special.htm (PDF format).  The protocol is endorsed by the Amer. Bar Assn., Amer. Arbitr. Assn., Natl. Empl. Lawyers Assn., FMCS, ACLU, etc.

       Law Review: “Arbitrating sexual harassment grievances; Defense of mandatory arbitration of employment disputes,” Univ. of Penn. J. of Labor and Empl. Law, Vol. 2, No. 1. http://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jlel/.

       Book: The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws has published on the Internet (for discussion purposes) the latest draft of their revisions to the Uniform Arbitration Act.  Since its publication in 1955, the UAA has been adopted in 35 states, and in some form in 14 other jurisdictions.  The latest version of the proposed revisions is at: http://www.law.upenn.edu/bll/ulc/ulc_frame.htm.

BIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM

     • Law Review: “Bioterrorism Meets Privacy: An Analysis of the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act and the HIPAA Privacy Rule,” by Julie Bruce, Loyola University Chicago Institute for Health Law, Annals of Health Law, 12 Ann. Health L. 75 (2003) 22,368 words.

     • Law Review: “Combating Terrorism in the Environmental Trenches: Terrorism and the Future of Torts: If Terror Reigns, Will Torts Follow?” by John M. Barkett, Widener Law Symposium, 9 Wid. L. Symp. J. 485 (2003) 22,226 words.

     • Law Review: “Public Health and International Law: Bioterrorism, Public Health, and International Law,” David P. Fidler, Chicago Journal of Intern. Law, Univ. of Chicago, 3 Chi. J. Int’l L. 7 (2002) 8,948 words.

     • Law Review: “Biological Terrorism: Legal Measures for Preventing Catastrophe,” by Barry Kellman, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 24 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol’y 417 (2001) 26,303 words.

     • Law Review: “Confronting Disease in a Global Arena,” by Lauren Z. Asher, Cardozo Journal of Intern. and Compar. Law, Yeshiva Univ., 9 Cardozo J. Int’l & Comp. L. 135 (2001) 14,605 words.

     • Law Review: “Bioterrorism: Perfectly Legal,” by Heather A. Dagen, Catholic Univ. Law Review, 49 Cath. U.L. Rev. 535 (2000) 22,988 words.

BOUNTY HUNTERS

       Law Review: “S.B. 1257: Arizona Regulates Bounty Hunters,” Arizona State Law Journal - Spring, 1999, 31 Ariz. St. L.J. 229 (11,894 words) Includes a current state-by-state analysis.

       Law Review: “Running from the Law: Should Bounty Hunters Be Considered State Actors and Thus Subject to Constitutional Restraints?” Vanderbilt Univ. Law Review - Jan. 1999, 52 Vand. L. Rev. 171 (16,247 words).

       Law Review: “Bounty Hunters: Can the Criminal Justice System Live Without Them?” Univ. of Illinois Law Review - 1998, 1998 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1175 (17,055 words).

       Law Review: “Bounty Hunters as Evidence Gathers: Should they be considered state actors under the Fourth amendment when working with police?” Univ. of Cincinnati - Winter, 1997, 65 U. Cin. L. Rev. 665 (12,843 words).  

       Law Review: “When Man Hunts Man: The Rights and Duties of Bounty Hunters in the American Criminal Justice System,” Houston Law Review - Fall, 1996, 33 Hous. L. Rev. 731 (42,478 words).

       Law Review: “Tyranny on The Streets: Connecticut’s Need for the Regulation of Bounty Hunters,” Quinnipiac Law Review (Bridgeport CT) - Fall, 1994, 14 Quinnipiac L. Rev. 479 (26,476 words).

CANINES (Use of Police Dogs)

       Article: “Drug Detection Dogs: Legal Considerations,” by Michael Bulzomi, FBI Law Enfor. Bull., Jan. 2000; www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

       Law Review: “An Examination of the Training and Reliability of the Narcotics Detection Dog,” by Robert C. Bird, Kentucky Law Journal, Winter, 1996/1997, 85 Ky. L.J. 405 (15,076 words).

       Law Review: “Sniffing out the Fourth Amendment: U.S. v. Place -- Dog sniffs -- Ten years later,” Univ. of Maine School of Law, Maine Law Review, Winter, 1994, 46 Me. L. Rev. 151 (22,966 words).  

CIVIL LIABILITY AND CIVIL RIGHTS

        Law Review “Extra! Extra! Read All About It: What a Plaintiff “Knows or Should Know” Based on Officials’ Statements and Media Coverage of Police Misconduct For Notice of a § 1983 Municipal Liability Claim,” by Jenny Rivera, Fordham University School of Law, Fordham Urban Law Journal, Dec. 2000, 28 Fordham Urb. L.J. 505 (24,222 words).

        Law Review: “A Plainly Obvious Need For New-Fashioned Municipal Liability: The Deliberate Indifference Standard and Board of County Commissioners of Bryan County v. Brown,” by Kevin R. Vodak, DePaul Law Review, Spring, 1999, 48 DePaul L. Rev. 785 (26,155 words).

        Law Note: “County of Sacramento v. Lewis: A ‘Conscience-Shocking’ Decision Regarding Officer Liability in High-Speed Police Pursuits,” Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, June, 1999, 32 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 1357 (20,714 words).

       Law Review: Municipal Liability: Derivative or Direct? Statutory or Constitutional? Distinguishing the Canton Case from the Collins Case, DePaul Law Review, Spring, 1999, 48 DePaul L. Rev. 687 (21,465 words).

       Article: “Defending Police Misconduct Claims: Evaluation, Negotiation, and Settlement,” For the Defense, Feb. 1999.

       Law Review: “False arrest -- damages: Psychological and legal aftermath of false arrest and imprisonment,” by R. I. Simon, 21 (4) Bull. Amer. Acad. Psychiatry & the Law: 523-8, 1993. A review of the forensic psychiatric literature and legal cases.

       Law Comment: “Good Cop-Bad Cop: Reassessing the Legal Remedies for Police Misconduct,” Utah Law Review, 1993 Utah L. Rev. 149 (33,198 words).

       Law Review: “The Feds, lies, and videotape: the need for an effective federal role in controlling police abuse in urban America,” by Paul Hoffman, University of Southern California Law Review, May, 1993, 66 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1453 (47,298 words).

       Article: J. Ronzio, Esq. and G. Kiser, Esq., “The Civil Rights Act of 1991.”  59 (5) The Police Chief 11-12 (May 1992). A succinct summary of the changes.

       Law Review: “Accountability in Government and Section 1983,” by Mark R. Brown, Univ. of Mich. Law School, Fall 1991, 25 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 53 (50,952 words).

       Law Review: “Municipal Liability for Police Misconduct: Must Victims Now Prove Intent?” by Ruth Friedman, Yale Law Journal, Feb. 1988, 97 Yale L.J. 448 (14,478 words).

       Law Review: “Police Liability for Creating the Need To Use Deadly Force in Self-Defense,” by Frank G. Zarb, Jr., Michigan Law Review, Aug. 1988, 86 Mich. L. Rev. 1982 (19,695 words).

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

       Article: “Safeguarding employee rights in a post-union world,” vol. 30 (3) Columbia J. Law & Social Prob., www.columbia.edu/cu/jlsp/.

CONSTITUTIONAL CLAIMS (in General)

       Law Review: “Equal Protection for Non-Suspect Class Victims, “ by J. Michael McGuinness, Campbell Law Review, Summer, 1996, 18 Campbell L. Rev. 333 (13,103 words).

DECERTIFICATION OF POLICE OFFICERS

 

        Law Review: “Revocation of Police Officer Certification: A Viable Remedy for Police Misconduct?” by Roger L. Goldman and Steven Puro, St. Louis Univ. Law Journal, 45 St. Louis L.J. 541 (Spring, 2001).

        Law Review: “Symposium: New Approaches to Ensuring the Legitimacy of Police Conduct: De-Certification: Achieving Interstate Reciprocity,” by Clarence Harmon, 22 St. Louis U. Pub. L. Rev. 167 St. Louis Univ. Public Law Review (2003).

DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION

         Law Review: “911: How Will Police and Fire Departments Respond to Public Safety Needs and the Americans with Disabilities Act?”, New York Univ. School of Law, Journal of Legislation and Public Policy (1998/1999), 2 N.Y.U. J. Legis. & Pub. Pol’y 39 (46,458 words, 529 notes).

      Law Review: “The practical impossibility of considering the effect of mitigating measures under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990,” Fordham Urban Journal, April, 1999, 26 Fordham Urb. L. J. 1267 (18,611 words).  

       Law Review: “The determination of disability under the ADA: should mitigating factors such as medications be considered?” by Timothy Stewart Bland, Idaho Law Review, 1999, 35 Idaho L. Rev. 265 (11,094 words).

       Article: “The ADA and police hiring practices,” 64 (6) Police Chief (IACP) 24-29 (June 1997) www.theiacp.org.  

       Law Review: “Avoiding the inevitable: Resolving conflicts between the ADA and [collective bargaining laws],” 11 (3) The Labor Lawyer (ABA) 375-414 (Fall/Winter, 1996). abasvcctr@abanet.org -- discusses the conflict between seniority clauses and reasonable accommodation, the union’s duty of fair representation, prohibitions against direct dealing.

       Article: “Where access control meets the ADA,” 39 (9) Security Management 69-72 (Sep. 1995). www.securitymanagement.com.

       Law Review: Stahlhut, “Playing the trump card: may an employer refuse to reasonably accommodate under the ADA by claiming a collective bargaining obligation?,” 9 (1) Labor Lawyer (ABA) 71 (1993) abasvcctr@abanet.org.

DISCIPLINE

        Article: “Interviews and Interrogations of Public Employees: Beckwith, Garrity, Miranda and Weingarten Rights,” by Wayne W. Schmidt, 4 (7) Law Enf. Exec. Forum 1(Nov. 2004) Ill. Law Enf. Stds. & Trng. Bd. & W. Ill. Univ. [also online at www.aele.org/interviews.pdf ]

        Law Review: “Compelled Statements from Police Officers and Garrity Immunity,” by Steven D. Clymer, New York Univ. Law Review (Nov. 2001) 76 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 1309 (25,609 words.

        Law Symposium “The Rampart scandal: Policing the criminal justice system: calling in the Girl Scouts: Feminist legal theory and police misconduct,” by Mary Ellen Gale, Univ. of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law (Feb. 2001) 3 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 296 (35,020 words).

       Law Review: “The Fair Retail Credit Act and Workplace Investigations,” Win-Spr. 2000, 15 (3) The Labor Lawyer (ABA) 391-413 (11,224 words).

       Law Note: “Police Discharge: Fifth Amendment,” Stetson Law Review, Winter, 1999, 28 Stetson L. Rev. 878 (1,203 words).

       Law Review: “Police discipline in Chicago: arbitration or arbitrary?” by Mark Iris.  89 (1) J. Cr. L. & Crim. 215-44 (Fall 1998), Northw. Univ. Sch. of Law (Chicago). In a 5-year study of C.P.D. arbitration awards involving disciplinary suspensions, where a total of 2,607 suspension days were given in 533 cases, various arbitrators sustained only a total of 1,309 days (50.21%).

       Annotation: “Suspension of license: entrapment as a defense in proceedings to revoke or suspend license to practice law or medicine,” 61 A.L.R.3d 357.

       Article: “Citizen complaints: What the police should know,” 67 (12) FBI Law Enf. Bull. 1-5 (Dec. 1998); www.fbi.gov/ (full text).  Profiles the more typical complaints and discusses how they are resolved.

       Article: “Just discipline,” 3 (4) Policing Today 34-37 (Dec. 1997).  The article summarizes the changes in the law desired by the Assn. of Chief Police Officers in Britain.

       Law Note: “A police officer’s legal, consensual, off-duty sexual relationship is not protected by the right of privacy under either the federal or Texas constitutions: City of Sherman v. Henry, 928 S.W.2d 464 (Tex. 1996),” 28 Tex. Tech L. Rev. 187 (1997) (18364 words). 

       Law Review: “Code of Silence: Police Shootings and the Right to Remain Silent,” by Robert M. Myers, Golden Gate Univ., Spring 1996, 26 Golden Gate U.L. Rev 497 (24,441 words).

       Law Review: “To Serve and Yet To Be Protected: The Unconstitutional Use of Coerced Statements In Subsequent Criminal Proceedings Against Law Enforcement Officers, by Andrew M. Herzig, William & Mary Law Review, Fall 1993, 35 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 401 (22,551 words).

       Law Review: “To serve and yet to be protected: the unconstitutional use of coerced statements in subsequent criminal proceedings against law enforcement officers,” by Andrew M. Herzig, College of William & Mary Law Review, Fall, 1993, 35 Wm. and Mary L. Rev. 401 (22,551 words).

       Law Review: “Police Officers Accused of Crime: Prosecutorial and Fifth Amendment Risks Posed by Police-Elicited ‘Use Immunized’ Statements,” by Kate E. Bloch, Univ. of Illinois Law Review, 1992, 1992 U. Ill. L. Rev. 625 (46,737 words).

       Law Review: “A Procedural and Substantive Guide to Civilian Employee Discipline,” Major Gerard St. Amand, Army Lawyer, Dec. 1986, 1986 Army Law. 6 (16,063 words).

       Law Review: “Public Employees or Private Citizens: The Off-Duty Sexual Activities of Police Officers and the Constitutional Right of Privacy,” Michael A. Woronoff, Univ. of Michigan, Fall 1984, 18 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 195 (15,342 words, 997 footnotes).

       Law Review: “Public employees or private citizens: the off-duty sexual activities of police officers and the constitutional right of privacy,” Univ. of Michigan, Fall 1984, 18 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 195 (15,342 words).

DISCOVERY, CONFIDENTIALITY AND RECORDS PRIVACY

Also see News Media.

       Law Review: “Keeping Files on the File Keepers: When Prosecutors are Forced to Turn Over the Personnel Files of Federal Agents to Defense Lawyers,” by Lis Wiehl, Univ. of Washington Law Review, January, 1997, 72 Wash. L. Rev. 73 (29,810 words).

       Article: “Confidentially of internal reports on personnel matters,” 37 (11) For the Defense 3-7 (Nov. 1995). Defense Research Instit., www.dri.org, dri@mcs.net.

DNA

       Law Review: “DNA Fingerprinting - Justifying the Special Need for the Fourth Amendment’s Intrusion into the Zone of Privacy,” by Deborah F. Barfield, Univ. of Richmond, VA, Richmond Journal of Law & Technology, 6 Rich. J.L. & Tech. 27, Spring 2000; http://www.richmond.edu/jolt/v6i5/note2.html.

DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIPS

        Law Review: “Questioning the Marriage Assumptions: The Justifications for Opposite-Sex Only Marriage as Support for the Abolition of Marriage,” by Summer L. Nastich, Law and Inequality (Winter 2003), Boston Univ. Sch. of Law, 21 Law & Ineq. J. 114 (21,458 words).

       Law Review: “Domestic Partnership Benefits: Why not offer them to same-sex partners and unmarried opposite sex Partners?” by Debbie Zielinski, Clev. St. Univ. Jour. of Law and Health, 13 J.L. & Health 281, 1998-99 (25,010 words).

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

       Law article: “Administrative Orders of Protection: A Chief’s Best Tool for Victim Safety,” by Glenn Valle, NYSP, Police Chief (IACP) Nov. 2000.

       Law Review: “Abuse Your Spouse and Lose Your Job: Federal Law Now Prohibits Some Soldiers From Possessing Military Weapons,” Army Lawyer, 1997 Army Law. 25 (4,617 words); also see articles on 18 U.S. Code 922g at: 19 Pace L. Rev. 445 (1999); 30 St. Mary’s L. J. 801 (1999); 29 Rutgers L. J. 607 (1998); and 39 S. Tex. L. Rev. 1029 (1998).

DRUG ENFORCEMENT

       Law Review: “Good Cop, Bad Cop: Federal Prosecution of State-Legalized Medical Marijuana After U.S. v. Lopez,” Univ. of Calif., Oct. 2000, 88 Calif. L. Rev. 1575.

DUE PROCESS (FOR EMPLOYEES)

      Law Review: “Procedural Due Process Rights of Public Employees: Basic Rules and a Rationale for a Return to Rule-Oriented Process,” by J. Michael McGuinness, 33 New Eng.L. Rev. 931 (Summer, 1999 (20,002 words).

       Law Review: “Substantive Due Process Limits on Public Officials’ Power to Terminate State-Created Property Interests,” by David H. Armistead, Univ. of Georgia, Spring, 1995, 29 Ga. L. Rev. 769 (25,739 words).

EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND INCENTIVES

       Article: “Post-secondary education of the police officer and its effects on the frequency of citizen’s complaints,” 33 (4) J. of Calif. Law Enf. 3-10; http://www.cpoa.org/.  A ten-year study of 500 officers revealed that “officers with fewer college units tended to have significantly more complaints than officers with higher numbers of units.”

ELEVENTH AMENDMENT

       Article: “States as defendants in employment litigation: Beyond Alden v. Maine,” 88 (5) Ill. Bar J. 280 (May 2000); www.isba.org/.

E MAIL AND INTERNET USE

Also see Workplace Privacy

       Law Review: “Electronic Communication: Union Access and Employer Rights,” by Susan Robfogel, 16 (2) The Labor Lawyer (ABA) 231-252 (Fall 2000); info: abasvcctr@abanet.org.

       Law Review: “Defamatory E-Mail and Employer Liability: Why Razing Zeran v. America Online is a Good Thing,” by Michael H. Spencer, 6 Rich. J.L. & Tech. 25, Spring 2000; http://www.richmond.edu/jolt/v6i5/article4.html.

       Article: “Communications technology in the workplace,” Amer. Bar Assn., available in PDF format at www.bna.com/bnabooks/ababna/stdev/2000/stdevplace.pdf.

       Law Review: “Employer Monitoring of Employee Electronic Mail and Internet Use,” by Charles Morgan, McGill Law Journal, December, 1999, 44 McGill L.J. 849 (29,940 words).

       Law Review: “Privacy in Public and Private E-Mail and On-Line Systems,” Pace Law Review, Fall, 1998, 19 Pace L. Rev. 95 (20,478 words).

       Law Review: “‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell;’ A Discussion of Employee Privacy in Cyberspace in Light of McVeigh v. Cohen,” by Clifford T. Karafin, Virginia Journal of Law and Technology, Fall, 1998, 3 Va. J.L. & Tech. 7 (16,123 words).

       Law Review: “All bark, no byte: employee e-mail privacy rights in the private sector workplace,” by Alexander Rodriguez, Emory Univ. Law Journal, Fall, 1998, 47 Emory L.J. 1439 (19,894 words)

       Law Review: “Windows Nine-to-Five: Smyth v. Pillsbury and the Scope of an Employee’s Right of Privacy,” by Rod Dixon, Univ. Virginia Journal of Law and Technology Fall 1997, 2 Va. J.L. & Tech. 4.

       Article: “Legal issues associated with electronic messaging,” by AELE staff; contains a model policy for local use, Police Chief, June 1997 pp. 10-12 and at www.aele.org/electmess.html.

       Law Review: “Note: Keeping Secrets in Cyberspace: Establishing Fourth Amendment Protection for Internet Communication,” Harvard Law Review, May, 1997, 110 Harv. L. Rev. 1591 (11,582 words).

       Booklet: “Guide to E-Mail and the Internet in the Workplace,” by Susan Gindin, examines the legal issues that can arise as a result of e-mail and Internet use in the workplace, and is written to aid employers to avoid or resolve disputes.  It includes a description of the type of information that should be included in an employer’s policy on e-mail and Internet usage and an example of such a policy. To purchase the guide, call BNA Publications at 1-800-372-1033.

       Article: “Employer rights in monitoring employee e-mail,” and “Employer rights and obligations under the FMLA,” 40 (11) For the Defense 17-20 and 21-26.  Defense Research Institute, www.dri.org, dri@mcs.net.

       Law Review: “Electronic communications and the law: help or hindrance to telecommuting?” by Jennifer C. Dombrow, 50 (3) Fedl. Cmnctns. L. J. (Ind. Univ.) 686.  A well-researched article on workplace electronic privacy, with 170 footnotes.  The article is free and online at:  www.law.indiana.edu/fclj/pubs/v50/no3/dombrow.html.

       Article: “E-mail policy by the letter,” 40 (4) Security Management (A.S.I.S.) 69-75 (Apr. 1996). Download on the Internet at www.securitymanagement.com.

       Article: “Employers, employees and e-mail,” Spring 1996 The Job Description (DRI) 9-11. www.dri.org, dri@mcs.net.

       Article: “Employers, employees and e-mail,” DRI The Job Description 9-11 (Spring 1996). Defense Research Institute, Inc; www.dri.org, dri@mcs.net.

       Law Review: Witt, “Terminally nosy: are employers free to access our electronic mail?”  Dickinson Law Review (Spring 1992).

       Law Review: “An Affront to Human Dignity: Electronic Mail Monitoring in the Private Sector Workplace,” by Larry O. Natt Gantt, Harvard Law School, Sprint, 1995, 8 Harv. J. Law & Tec 345, (57,503 words).

       Booklet: “Managing records in e-mail systems,” N.Y. State Archives and Records Administration, State Education Dept., Cultural Education Center, Albany NY 12230 (1995).  A 45 pp. booklet with a sample policy, guide to etiquette and selected bibliography.

       Book: “Computer Privacy Handbook,” by A. Bacard. Peachpit Press, 274 pp. (1995).

       Book: “The Law of Electronic Commerce: EDI, E-mail and Internet,” by B. Wright, looseleaf, Little Brown & Co. (2d edit., 1995).

       Book: “E-mail Security: How to Keep Your Messages Private,” by Bruce Schneider - J. Wiley & Sons, 365 pp. (1995).

       Booklet: “Privacy Tool Kit,” by D. Johnson et al. Electronic Messaging Assn., 45 pp. (1994).

       Report: “Directive on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data,” European Union: Brussels, OJC93 (13 April 1995).

       Book: “Regulating Privacy,” by Colin Bennett, - Data protection and public policy in Europe and the United States, Ithaca NY, Cornell Univ. Press (1992).

       Catalog: “Information Security,” a 48 pp. color catalog that contains books on viruses, encryption, computer fraud, website and PC security, disaster recovery, firewalls, ethics, etc. (717) 258-1816.

EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES

      Law Review: “Demotion and discharge of municipal employees in Utah,” by Ellen Kitzmiller, 16 Utah Bar J. 20 (April, 2003).

      Law Review: “Legal Regulation of Employment Reference Practices,” by J. Hoult Verkerke, Univ. of Chicago Law Review, Winter, 1998, 65 U. Chi. L. Rev. 115 (37,033 words).

       Law Review: “A practical guide to hiring and firing public employees,” 29 (2) The Urban Lawyer (ABA) 293-308 (Spring, 1997);  abasvcctr@abanet.org.

       Article: “Employment Information Release Agreements,” by Daniel J. Schofield, FBI Law Enf. Bulletin Dec. 1996; www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

ENGLISH-ONLY RULES

       Law Review: “English only rules in the workplace,” 15 (2) The Labor Lawyer (ABA) 295-308 (Fall 1999), abasvcctr@abanet.org.

       Article: “EEOC ‘English-only’ challenges rising,” 66 Law Week (BNA) 2375.  EEOC challenges rose from 8 per quarter in FY 96/7 to 14 filed between Oct/Dec 1997. Under the agency’s guidelines, a worker establishes a prima facie disparate impact cause of action by showing the very existence of the policy; see 29 CFR §1606.7(a),(b).  

ETHICS

       Law Review: “The New Policing,” Philip B. Heymann, Fordham University School of Law, Fordham Urban Law Journal, Dec. 2000, 28 Fordham Urb. L.J. 407 (23,369 words).

       Law Review: “Police Reform and the Department of Justice: An Essay on Accountability,” by Debra Livingston, Buffalo Criminal Law Review, 1999, 2 Buff. Crim. L. R. 815 (18,039 words).

       Article: “Disclosing officer misconduct: a constitutional duty,” 65 (6) FBI Law Enf. Bull. 27-32 (July 1996); Internet URL www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

EVIDENCE

       Law Review, “The consequences of false confessions,” Northw. Univ. Sch. of Law, Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, Winter, 1998, 88 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 429 (32,242 words).

       Report: “Hair assays for drugs of abuse in a probation population: implementation of a pilot study in a correctional field setting,” NCJ 152420.  Dept. of Justice.

       Article: “Hair analysis as a drug detector,” NCJ 156434.  Dept. of Justice.

       Law Review: “Comment: Corroborating Confessions: An Empirical Analysis of Legal Safeguards Against False Confessions,” by Corey J. Ayling, Univ. of Wisconsin, Jul-Aug. 1984, 1984 Wis. L. Rev. 1121 (52,035 words).

EXCESSIVE FORCE (BY PEACE OFFICERS)

       Article: “ ‘We Own the Night’- Amadou Diallo’s Deadly Encounter with New York City’s Street Crimes Unit,” Cato Institute Briefing Paper No. 56, Mar. 31, 2000, www.cato.org/.

       Article: “Warrior Cops: The Ominous Growth of Paramilitarism in American Police Departments,” Cato Institute Briefing Paper No. 50, Aug 26, 1999, www.cato.org/.

       Law Review: “Patterns of Injustice: Police Brutality in the Courts,” by Prof. Susan Bandes, DePaul Univ. Col. of Law, 47 Buffalo L. Rev. 1275, Buffalo Law Review, Fall, 1999 (33,784 words).

       Law Symposium: “Police violence: Causes and cures,” Brooklyn Law School  Journal of Law and Policy, 7 J.L. & Pol’y 111 (1998).

       Law review: “Can Soldiers Be Peace Officers? The Waco Disaster and the Militarization of American Law Enforcement,” by David Kopel and Paul Blackman, Akron Law Review, 1997, 30 Akron L. Rev. 619 (23,235 words).

       Law Note: “Psychological health tests for violence-prone police officers: Objectives, shortcomings, and alternatives,” Stanford Law Review, 46 Stan. L. Rev. 1717 (1994).

       Law Review: “Psychological Health Tests for Violence-Prone Police Officers: Objectives, Shortcomings, and Alternatives” by Michelle A. Travis, 46 Stanford L. Rev. 1717 July, 1994 (36,405 words).

       Law Review: “Bifurcation of Civil Rights Defendants: Undermining Monell in Police Brutality Cases,” Hastings Law Journal, 44 Hastings L.J. 499 (1993).

EXCLUSIONARY RULE

       Law Review: “Why Liberals Should Chuck the Exclusionary Rule,” by Christopher Slobogin, University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 U. Ill. L. Rev. 363 (56,522 words).

       Law Symposium: “Reform of the Exclusionary Rule: It is Broken: Breaking the Inertia of the Exclusionary Rule,” Pepperdine Univ. Law Review, 1999, 26 Pepp. L. Rev. 971 (28,639 words).

       Law Review, “Confessions, search and seizure and the Rehnquist court,” Univ. of Tulsa Law Journal, Spring, 1999, 34 Tulsa L.J. 465 (25,438 words).

FAMILY, MEDICAL AND PERSONAL LEAVE  

 

       Law Note: “The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993: Proving or defending a claimed violation,” by Richard Stevens, Suffolk Journal of Trial & Appellate Advocacy, 1999, 4 Suffolk J. Trial & App. Adv. 253 (6432 words).

       Law Review: “Absenteeism under the Family and Medical Leave Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act,” 50 DePaul L. Rev. 183 (2000).

FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC EMPLOYEES

       Law Review: “Constitutional Law -- Supreme Court Restricts First Amendment Rights of Public Employees,” by Stevan Dittman, Tulane Law Review, Jan., 1984, 58 Tul. L. Rev. 831 (10,814 words).

GANGS AND POLICE ACTION

       Law Review: “Gang Loitering, the Court, and Some Realism about Police Patrol,” by Debra Livingston, Univ. of Chicago, 1999 Supreme Court Review, 1999 Sup. Ct. Rev. 141 (30,014 words).

GENETIC TESTING AND PRIVACY

Also see Workplace Privacy.

       Law Note: “Medical Records and Your Privacy: Developing Federal Legislation to Protect Patient Privacy Rights,” (2000) 26 Am. J. L. and Med. 453, Boston University School of Law and American Journal of Law & Medicine (16,721 words).

       Law Review: “A Critical Analysis of Health and Human Services’ Proposed Health Privacy Regulations in Light of The Health Insurance Privacy and Accountability Act of 1996,” 9 Ann. Health L. 1, Annuals of Health Law, Loyola University Chicago Institute for Health Law 2000 (34,642 words).

       Law Review: “Health and human services’ privacy proposal: A failed attempt at health information privacy  protection,” 40 Brandeis L.J. 1065, Brandeis Law Journal, Univ. of Louisville, Summer 2002 (10,287 words).

       Law Review: “The Vulnerability of HIPPA Regulations to First and Fourth Amendment Attack: An Addendum to Evolving Constitutional Privacy Doctrines Affecting Healthcare Enterprises,” 56 Food Drug L.J. 281, The Food and Drug Law Institute, Food and Drug Law Journal, 2001  (16,497 words).

       Law Review: “Is too much privacy bad for your health? An introduction to the law, ethics, and HIPPA rule on medical privacy,” 17 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 481, Georgia State Univ. Law Review, Winter 2000 (22,897 words).

       Law Review: “Privacy rights in personal information: HIPPA and the privacy gap between fundamental privacy rights and medical information,” 19 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 535, The John Marshall Law School Journal of Computer & Information Law, Summer 2001 (12,208 words).

       Law Review: “Genetic privacy and discrimination: a survey of state legislation,” 39 (3) Jurimetrics (ABA) 317-326 (1999). ABA Sci. & Techn. Sec., abasvcctr@abanet.org.  A comparison of the 44 states that had genetic privacy and/or discrimination legislation as of Jan. 1999.

       Law Review: “Symposium on genetic privacy,” nine articles covering laws, insurance, privacy, etc., 40 (1) Jurimetrics (ABA) 1-152, Fall 1999. ABA Sci. & Techn. Sec., abasvcctr@abanet.org.

       Law Review: “Genetic privacy and discrimination: a survey of state legislation,” 39 (3) Jurimetrics (ABA) 317-326 (1999), ABA Sci. & Techn. Section, abasvcctr@abanet.org.  This is a comparison of the 44 states that had genetic privacy and/or discrimination legislation as of Jan. 1999.

HAIRSTYLE AND APPEARANCE

       Law Review: “Avoiding claims of discrimination based on personal appearance, grooming and hygiene standards,” 15 (1) The Labor Lawyer (ABA) 19-45 (1999); abasvcctr@abanet.org.

       Law Review: “No shoes, no shirt, no education: dress codes and freedom of expression behind the postmodern schoolhouse gates,” 9 Seton Hall Const. L.J. 337 (1999).

       Law Review: “Secondhand Codes: An Analysis of the Constitutionality of Dress Codes in the Public Schools,” 80 Minn. L. Rev. 715 (1996).

       Law Review: “Employees’ personal appearance,” 11 (2) The Labor Lawyer (ABA) 261-272 (Summer 1995); abasvcctr@abanet.org.

       Law Review: “Suits for the hirsute: defending against America’s undeclared war on beards in the workplace,” 63 Fordham L. Rev. 1203 (1995).

       Article: “Grooming and weight standards for law enforcement: the legal issues,” 63 (7) FBI Law Enfor. Bull. 27-32 (Jul. 1994); www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

       Law Review: “Only girls wear barrettes: dress and appearance standards, community norms, and workplace equality,” 92 Mich. L. Rev. 2541 (1994).

       Law Review: “A hair piece: perspectives on the intersection of race and gender,” 1991 Duke L.J. 365 (1991).

       Law Review: “Restricting gang clothing in public schools: does a dress code violate a student’s right of free expression?,” 64 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1321 (1991).

       Law Review: “Soul Rebels: The Rastafarians and the Free Exercise Clause,”72 Geo. L.J. 1605 (1984).

HEALTH CARE

       Article: “Chronic serious health impairments and worker absences under federal employment law,” 14 (1) The Labor Lawyer (ABA) 1-22 (Summer, 1998); abasvcctr@abanet.org.

       Article: Law enforcement officers in Iowa were found to have nearly double the risk for cardiovascular disease than the general population; 1998 (40) Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 441-444 (May, 1998).  Multiple factors contributed to the toll: 81 percent reported stress, 24 percent mentioned poor eating habits, and 14 percent complained of rotating shift work.  Poor eating habits contribute to being overweight, hyper-cholesterolemia, and diabetes.

       Article: “Managing Sick and Injured Employees,” by C, McNaught and D. Schofield, FBI Law Enfor. Bull., Jan. 1998; www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

       Article: “Carcinogenic corrections: environmental health conditions impact correction employees,”14 (12) Crime & Jus. Intrntl. 9 (Jan. 1998).  Reprints: UIC/OICJ, Box 53, 1333 S. Wabash, Chicago IL 60605.

       Article: “Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Health-Care Worker Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure,” was published by the Centers for Disease Control in May, and can be downloaded in PDF format at ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Publications/mmwr/rr/rr4707.pdf.

       Article: “Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS),” 274 (12) JAMA 956-60 (9/27/95).  Amer. Medical Assn., (800) 262-2350. Various worksites including fire stations and offices were used to measure ETS.  Using three different evaluation methods, all indicated that exposure to ETS “presents a substantial risk to workers in the absence of a policy restricting or banning smoking.”

       Law Note: “Involuntary Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke in Prison Supports a Valid Cruel and Unusual Punishment Claim if the Risk to One’s Health is Unreasonable and Prison Officials are Indifferent to that Risk - Helling v. McKinney, 113 S. Ct. 2475 (1993), Seton Hall Univ. Law Review, 1994, 25 Seton Hall L. Rev. 314 (27,744 words).

       Law Note: “Pregnant Inmates’ Right to Health Care,” by Mary McGurrin, New England Journal on Criminal and Civil Confinement, Winter, 1993, 20 N. E. J. on Crim. & Civ. Con. 163 (16,298 words).

       Article: “The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, by J. Higginbotham, FBI Law Enfor. Bull., Dec. 1993; www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

MENTAL ILLNESS - POLICE RESPONSE TO

 

        Article: “Law Enforcement’s Response to People with Mental Illness,” by Michael Klein, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (March, 2002).

 

        Article: “Civil Liability and Mental Illness: A Proactive Model to Mitigate Claims,” by Rodney Hill, Esq., Police Chief (June 2001).

 

        Booklet: “The Police Response to People with Mental Illnesses -- Including Information on the Americans with Disabilities Act Requirements and Community Policing Approaches: A Trainers Guide and Model Policy,” Police Executive Research Forum, Libr. of Congr. Catalogue No 97-75599, ISBN 1-878734-55-5 (1997).

 

        Training materials: “Dealing with the Mentally Ill,” Training Key #487 (1998) and “Dealing with the Mentally Ill, IACP Model Policy, Intern. Assn. of Chiefs of Police (1997).

        Law Review: “Employees with Mental and Emotional Problems -- Workplace Security and Implications of State Discrimination Laws, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Rehabilitation Act, Workers’ Compensation, and Related Issues,” by Janet E. Goldberg, Stetson Law Review (Fall 1994) 24 Stetson L. Rev. 201 (21,010 words, 240 notes).

MOTOR VEHICLE LAWS AND SEARCHES

Also see Canines (use of police dogs),  Race Relations and the Police; Profiling and Search and Seizure.

       Article: “The Motor Vehicle Exception: When and Where to Search,” by Lisa Regini, FBI Law Enfor. Bull., July, 1999; www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

       Law Review: “Without a warrant, probably cause or reasonable suspicion: Is there any meaning to the Fourth Amendment while driving a Car?,” Houston Law Review, Spring, 1999, 35 Hous. L. Rev. 1683 (27,692 words).

       Law Review: “Beyond privacy, beyond probable cause, beyond the Fourth Amendment: New strategies for fighting pretext arrests,” Univ. of Colorado Law Review, Summer, 1998, 69 U. Colo. L. Rev. 693 (21,383 words).

       Law Note: People v. Barnes: George Orwell’s 1984 Revisited: Unbridled and Impermissible Police Use of Computer Power in the Modern Age,” by Sam L. Amirante, Loyola Univ. Chicago Law Journal, Summer, 1997,28 Loy. U. Chi. L.J. 667 (10,002 words).

       Law Note: “The Unreasonable Expectation of Privacy: The ‘New’ New Jersey Supreme Court Reevaluates State Constitutional Protections, by Scott Carbone, Seton Hall Univ. Law Review, 30 Seton Hall L. Rev. 361 (19,873 words).

       Law Note: “Mobile data terminals and random license plate checks: the need for uniform guidelines and reasonable suspicion requirement,” by Darlene Cedres, Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal, 1997, 23 Rutgers Computer & Tech. L.J. 391 (12,434 words).

       Article: “Pretext Traffic Stops: Whren v. United States,” by John C. Hall, FBI Law Enfor. Bull., Nov. 1996; www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

NEGELIGENT FAILURE TO PROTECT CRIME VICTIMS

       Law Review: “Note: ATM Crime: Expanding the Judicial Approach to a Bank’s Liability for Third Party Crimes Against ATM Patrons, Valparaiso Univ. Law Review, Fall, 1995, 30 Val. U.L. Rev. 99 (42,285 words).

NEPOTISM

       Article: “No-spouse rules in the workplace under Illinois and Federal law,” 82 (8) Ill. Bar J. 414-420 (Aug. 1994).

NEWS MEDIA

       Article: “Media Ride-Alongs,” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, July, 2000, FBI Law Enfor. Bull.; www.fbi.gov/ (full text).

       Law Review: “The Unusual Suspects: Journalists as Thieves,” by William E. Lee, College of William and Mary William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal, Dec. 1999, 8 Wm. & Mary Bill of Rts. J. 53 (50,343 words)

       Law Review: “Privacy and the First Amendment Right to Gather News,” by Rodney A. Smolla, George Washington Law Review, Jun-Aug, 1999, 67 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1097 (29,736 words).

       Law Review: “Comment: Much Ado About Newsgathering: Personal Privacy, Law Enforcement,” and the Law of Unintended Consequences for Anti-Paparazzi Legislation, by Andrew D. Morton, Univ. of Pennsylvania, June, 1999, 147 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1435 (22,206 words).

       Law Symposium: “Privacy and the Law: The Media’s Intrusion of Privacy: Privacy and the First Amendment Right to Gather News,” by Rodney A. Smolla, George Washington Law Review, Jun/Aug 1999, 67 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1097 (29,736 words).

       Law Review: “Secrets and Lies: News Media and Law Enforcement Use of Deception as an Investigative Tool, by Bernard Bell, Univ. of Pittsburgh Law Review, Spring, 1999, 60 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 745 (57,867 words).

       Law Review: “Secrets and Lies: News Media and Law Enforcement Use of Deception as an Investigative Tool,” by Bernard W. Bell, Univ. of Pittsburgh Law Review, Spring, 1999, 60 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 745 (57,867 words).

       Law Note: “Police Liability for the Media ‘Ride-Along,’” by David E. Bond, Boston Univ. Law Review, October, 1997, 77 B.U.L. Rev. 825(31024 words).  

       Law Review: “Note: Outtakes, Hidden Cameras, and the First Amendment: A Reporter’s Privilege,” by Alison Lynn Tuley, William & Mary Law Review, July, 1997, 38 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1817 (18,183 words).

PERJURY BY POLICE OFFICERS

        Law Review: : “Unnecessary evil: Police lying in interrogations,” by Deborah Young, Univ. of Chicago